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GARDEN GUIDE 



S. Unripe spore case of a fern (greatly magnified) 

 Sp. The spore case burst and throwing its spores 



P. The green growth that comes from a spore and which give rise to the little 



fern plant (f) 



I. Fern plant bearing a frond. Each division of the frond is called a pinnule 

 (plural, pinnae) (P.). This frond is covered with dot-like masses which are the 

 spore cases (Sp.). At the base of the plant is a young frond (c) growing from the 



root stock (r) 



2. Pinnule of Dryopteris. 3. Pinnae of Adiantum 



4. In certain ferns the leaflets or pinnae that bear spore cases are much changed, 

 as for example in Osmunda regalis, the Royal Fern 



