ox THE PSYCHO-PHYSICAL VIKW OF NATURE. 521 



of sensations and peicepLions, Liieir associations, linally, 

 the processes of apperception and volition, are acconi- 

 ])anied by physiological nerve -processes. Other bodily 

 processes, such as the simple and complex reflex actions, 

 do not enter directly into consciousness, Itut they 

 form important auxiliary processes of tlie phenomena of 

 consciousness."^ It is, accordingly, (|uite consistent, 

 from a purely scientiiic })oint of ^■ie^v, to test this 

 central conception of exact psychology, and to refrain 

 from introducing any purely psychical conceptions so 

 long as the possibilities of the conception, that mental 

 phenomena are only concomitant occurrences of changes 

 which take place in the nervous system and centres, 

 have not been exhausted. Investigations, with or 

 without this definite purpose, have been very largely 

 prosecuted in the course of the nineteenth century, and 

 have been in part purely anatomical, in part physio- 

 logical, the latter again either referring to pathological 

 or to normal cases. Systematic courses of experiments 

 have been begun at Leipzig and taken up, according to 

 a well-defined special programme, by I)r Miinsterberg at .%. 



Miinster- 



Freiburg, wlio in the researches of his laboratory has, berg, 

 more distinctly than any other philosopher, adopted the 

 theory as a working hypothesis.^ 



i ' Physiologisclie Psychologic ' (4 

 Aufl.), vol. ii. ]). 644. 



- The principal writings of Dr 

 MUn.sterberg, in which his psycho- 

 jihy.sical researclies are contained, 

 are: 1, 'Die Willenshandlung,' 

 Freiburg, 1888; 2, ' lieitnige zur 

 Experiinentellen Ps}'chol()gie,' 4 

 parts, 1889-92 ; 3, ' Ueber Aufgaben 

 und Methodeii der P.-<yciiologie,' 

 being part 2 of the 'Schriften der 



Gesellschaft fiir Psychologi.sdie 

 Forsehung,' 1891. These writings, 

 altiiough starting from the position 

 I)repared by the Leijizig school of 

 j)sycho-p!iysical reseaicii, are largely 

 ]i()leniiial, and directed against 

 some of Prof. Wundt's principal 

 theories. They have received a 

 considerable amount of attentinn 

 in Germany and America and in 

 this country, and also a good clcal 



