770 



INDEX. 



Foucher, ' Hypothesis Physica,' ii. 5. 



Fouiuiatious of science, historical and 

 logical, ii. 671 ; of mathematics re- 

 vised by Weierstrass, 703 ; examina- 

 tion of, 709. 



Fourcroy, ' Annales de Chinjie,' i., 41 ; 

 at the Jardin des Plantes, 107 ; Ecole 

 des Travaux pnbliques, 112; 113; 

 services of, to the Republic, 148 ; 

 criticisms of Baumes's essay, ii. 390. 



Fourier, Fr. M. C, and co-operation, 

 ii. 566. 



Fourier, J. B. Jos., i. 187 ; neglected 

 by Paris Institute, 241 ; ' Tlieorie de 

 la Chaleur,' 322, ii. 175; theory of 

 dimensions, i. 323 ; his mathematics 

 employed by Lord Kelvin, 330 ; 

 "dynamic equilibrium," ii. 79; 

 quoted, 120; dedication of 'Phil- 

 osophic Positive,' 239 ; heat, 487 ; 

 analysis of periodic phenomena, 6"23 ; 

 on Jacobi and Abel, 657 ; definition 

 of function, 693 ; 697, 699. 



Fox-Talbot, light, ii. 11. 



France, home of scientific thought in 

 the early part of the century, i. 75. 



Francis I.' founded College de France, 

 i. 107. 



Francke, A. H., influence of, at Halle 

 University, i. 160 ; educational work 

 of, 256 ; 257. 



Francceur's mathematics introduced 

 into England and Germany, i. 44 ; 

 influenced German thought, ii. 101. 



Frank, i. 208. 



Frankland, Sir Edw., chemical re- 

 searches of, i. 413, 447 ; atomicity of 

 chemical compounds discovered by, 

 414. 



Franklin, controversy on electric fluid, 

 i. 362 ; Davy's speculations on heat 

 and light, ii. 104. 



Fraunhofer lines, i. 278 ; theory and 

 practice of measuring, 322 ; spectro- 

 scopic observations, ii. 47. 



Frederick, Elector, reconstitutes Uni- 

 versity of Heidelberg, i. 159. 



Frederick the Great, popular education, 

 i. 256 ; population statistics, ii. 563. 



Frederick II. of Denmark and Tycho, 

 i. 157. 



Freewill, ii. 583. 



Frege, G., ii. 737. 



Freind, John, molecular attraction, i. 

 355. 



French, the, masters in science at the 

 beginning of the century, i. 41. 



Fresenius, text-books of, i. 188. 



Fresnel, Augustin, neglected by Paris 



Institute, i. 241 ; and Young, theories 

 of, 244 ; dynamical view of light, 370 

 revival of kinetic view of nature, ii. 8 ; 

 optical phenomena, 13, 14 ; undula- 

 tory theory of light, 21, 36 ; views on 

 "sidedness" of rays of light, 24; 

 Memoir on Diffraction, 25, 26 ; trans- 

 verse vibrations, 28 ; elastic theory 

 of light, 31 ; nature of the ether, 40 ; 

 theory of elasticity, 41 ; definition of 

 motion of light, 42 ; theory of light, 

 43 ; vibrations of the ether, 56 ; the 

 dielectric and luminiferous ether, 69, 

 70, 89 ; " elastic medium " in space, 

 84 ; reference to, 86, 91 ; 344, 467. 



Freytag, ' Bilder aus der deutschen 

 Vergangenheit,' i. 256. 



Frezier, geometrical work of, i. 114. 



Fries, Jacob, i. 195 ; school of, 208 ; 

 psychology, ii. 495. 



Fritsch, 'Theorie der Newtou'schen 

 Gravitation,' i. 343. 



Frobel, founder of the Kindergarten, i. 

 258. 



Frost, Scheiner's 'Astronomical Spec- 

 troscopy,' ii. 46 ; 362. 



Function, mathematical, introduced by 

 Euler, ii. 639. 



Functions of living substance, ii. 429. 



Functions, theory of, ii. 693 et seq.; 

 two schools, 693 ; non-difterentiable, 

 Hankel and Weierstrass on, 705 ; 

 oscillating, 706 ; analytic, 712. 



Fundamentals in mathematics, ii. 649 

 et seq.; geometrical and logical, 651 

 et seq.; Gauss on, 652. 



Galen, i. 293 ; ii. 207. 



Galileo, Bacou's indebtedness to, i. 94 ; 

 mechanical laws of, 317 ; 318 ; stimu- 

 lated star-gazing, 327 ; formula3 of, 

 335 ; described phenomena of falling 

 bodies, 353; 389, 424; 'Sidereus 

 Nuncius,' discovered the moons of 

 Jupiter, ii. 10 ; 12 ; inertia, 124 ; 

 astronomical work of, 227. 



Gall, J. F., i. 136 ; extolled by Comte, 

 310 ; phrenology, ii. 477, 479. 



Galle and the discovery of Neptune, i. 

 277. . 



Galois, Evariste, Theory of Equations, 

 ii. 686 ; his life and works, ib. ; his 

 letter to Chevalier, ib. ; and theory 

 of groups, 687 ; 692. 



Galton, Francis, on heredity, ii. 574, 

 612 ; on variation, 609 ; his works, 

 ib. ; combines Quetelet and Darwin, 

 ih. ; on statistical treatment, 612 ; 

 on pangenesis, 614 ; forestalls Weis- 



