INDEX. 



791 



Operator, ii. 655. 



Oppolzer, Vienna school of medicine, i. 

 198 ; 208. 



Opthalmoscope, Helmholtz's invention 

 of, i. 200. 



Optics, ii. 484. 



Order, ii. 556 ; theory of, 678 ; and 

 unity, 742 et seq.; 745. 



Organic substance, first, produced arti- 

 ficially, i. 92 ; compound, preparation 

 of, by Wcihler, 191 ; substances, syn- 

 thesis of, ii. 425. 



Organisation, problem of, ii. 236 ; 415. 



Organs, study of separate, ii. 233. 



Ossian, i. 212. 



Ostwald, ' Die Energie und ihre Wand- 

 lungen,' i. 380; "energy" a sub- 

 stance, 388 ; on Berthollet's views, 

 393 ; ' Classiker der exacten Wissen- 

 schaften,' 427 ; 'Allgemeine Chemie,' 

 443, ii. 176; 'Allgemeine Chemie' 

 quoted, i. 444, 445; " Physikalische 

 Chemie," 457, ii. 158, 160; principle 

 of energetics, 125, 142 ; physical 

 chemistry, 153 ; chemical affinity, 

 157, 159 ; 165 ; memoirs of W. Gibbs, 

 171 ; second law^ of thermo-dynamics, 

 175 ; criticism of mechanical view, 

 183 ; quoted, 187. 



Otto, translation into German of Thos. 

 Graham's ' Elements of Chemistry, 

 ii. 161. 



Owen, Robert, co-operation, ii. 566. 



Owen, Sir Richard, i. 42 ; palseontol- 

 ogical work, ii. 257 ; the term " hom- 

 ology," 258 ; influenced by Oken, 

 259 ; extension of morphological 

 view, 260 ; Cuvier's position unten- 

 able, 266 ; quoted, 268 ; morphol- 

 ogical view of nature, 276 ; parthen- 

 ogenesis, 456. 



Packard, A. S., 'Lamarck, his Life and 

 Work,' ii. 312, 351. 



Page, ' Text-Book,' ii. 363. 



Paine, Thomas, 'Age of Reason,' i. 

 84. 



Paleontology, science of, created by 

 Cuvier, i. 131 ; Cuvier's work in, ii. 

 247 ; 363. 



Paley, philosophy in English universi- 

 ties represented by, i. 254. 



Pallas, travels of, ii. 247, 337. 



Pambour, de (see Zeuner), ii. 133. 



Pander, ii. 299, 303. 



Pangenesis, ii. 271, 454, 610 et seq. 



Paper duties, i. 237. 



Paradoxes in mathematics, ii. 732. 



Parallel lines, axiom of, ii. 518, 717. 



Paris, the focus of scientific thought, i. 

 17. 



Paris Academy ridiculed the fall of 

 meteors, i. 327 ; competition on 

 " Difl'raction," ii. 25. 



Paris Institute, i. 226. 



Parker, Prof., quoted, ii. 345. 



Parmenides, unity of all existence, ii. 3. 



Parthenogenesis, ii. 456. 



Pascal, Blaise, his contributions to 

 science beyond those of Bacon, i. 94 ; 

 the theory of probabilities, 120, ii. 

 668 ; 667. 



Pasteur, discoveries of, i. 431 ; the car- 

 bon tetrahedron, 451; "redintegra- 

 tion," ii. 387 ; 414 ; bacteriological 

 investigations, 415 ; discovery of 

 " chirality," 437. 



Pathology pre - eminently a German 

 science, i. 216. 



Pattison, Mark, meaning of "thought," 

 i. 25 ; on Bentley, quoted, 169. 



Paulmier, first maps of Greece, i. '295. 



Paulsen, F., ' Geschichte des gelehrten 

 Unterrichts auf den deutschen Schu- 

 len und Universitiiten,' i. 159, 160, 

 163, 164, 166 ; on Lotze and Fechner, 

 200; 'Die deutschen Universitaten,' 

 214. 



Peabody, C. H., 'Thermodynamics of 

 the Steam -Engine,' ii. 136. 



Peacock, G. , i. 18; introduction of 

 Continental mathematics to Cam- 

 bridge by, 233 ; ' Life of Dr Young ' 

 quoted, 245, 417, ii. 20, 21, 23,26; 

 educational movement promoted by, 

 i. 261 ; and the Analytical Society, 

 271; Young's 'Miscellaneous Works,' 

 ii. 9; his "report" quoted, 640, 

 645 ; referred to by Hankel, 641 ; 

 his history of arithmetic referred to, 

 645; 654; 709, 711. 



Peano, G., ii. 656, 734, 737. 



Pearson, Prof. Karl, i. 398, ii. 30; 

 Todhunter's 'History of Elasticity,' 

 33 ; ' History of Elasticity ' quoted, 

 43 ; quoted on labours of Neumann, 

 54 ; modern theory of elasticity, 56 ; 

 ' Grammar of Science,' 183 ; phenom- 

 ena of heredity, 574 ; mathematical 

 theory of evolution, 621 et seq. ; and 

 Bateson, 623 ; 737. 



Pearson, William, i. 289. 



Peel, Sir Robert, ii. 265. 



Pelletan, a founder of comparative 

 anatomy, ii. 386. 



Peltier, phenomenon, ii. 143. 



Percival, A. S., 'Optics' quoted, ii. 53. 



Percy, Ballads, i. 212 ; ii. 537. 



