SOUTH AND EAST AFRICA. 33 



Crow-bar, cross-saw, side axe, augers (1 in., l / 2 in. and */4 

 in.), spare bolts and nuts, 10 yards of stout iron wire, sail 

 maker's needle, thread and palm. 



The complete cost of the articles enumerated, including tarpaulin, 

 should not exceed 40. at the outside. Where the wagon is hired 

 most of the trek gear is generally included. 



The wagon is generally provided with a stout, hinged wooden 

 box known as the "voorkis", which serves as a driver's seat and 

 is a convenient place for keeping tools, riems, lash etc. It should 

 be provided with a good padlock and kept locked, the key being 

 entrusted to the driver or the conductor of the expedition if there is one. 



Each wagon should also have its own water tank or barrel and 

 three-legged kafir cooking pot. The size of the water tank or barrel 

 carried will depend upon the nature of the country to be traversed. 

 For work in very dry areas a 200 gallon steel tank is sometimes 

 fixed on the fore part of the wagon. The alternative to a large tank 

 is a separate two-wheeled water cart drawn by four or six oxen. 

 This, however, adds greatly to the cost of equipment and the 

 wages bill. 



Wagon Personnel: Two boys ! ) are required to look after the 

 oxen; one of these, the driver, carries the whip; the other gene- 

 rally known as the "voorlooper", leads the front span of oxen by 

 means of a strip of raw hide attached to their horns. The voorlooper 

 is also responsible for herding and watering the animals when they 

 are outspanned. 



The driver is paid from 2.0.0. to 3.0.0. per month, plus 

 food, and the voorlooper from 15/ to 20/ per month. 



The usual daily rations for driver and voorlooper and other native 

 servants are as follows: 



2 Ibs. mealie meal 



V 2 lb. meat 



2 ozs. sugar 



! / 2 oz. salt 



! / 4 lb. tea or coffee per week. 



Where meat is plentiful and meal scarce the meal ration may 

 be partially replaced by meat, for which all South African natives 

 have an inordinate craving. 



It is the duty of the wagon boys to look after the camp and to 

 do the cooking, also to make themselves generally useful in so far 



1) Native males irrespective of their age are throughout Africa spoken of 

 as "boys". 



