CONTENTS. XI 



SECTION B. Nutrition of Fungi and of Drosera. 80. Method. 

 81. Various cultures. 82. Puccinia. 83. Hanging-drop cultures. 

 84. Germination of spores. 85. Drosera, digestion of white of egg. 

 86. Drosera, benefit from feeding .... pp. 68 72. 



SECTION C. Functions of roots. 87. De Saussure's experiment. 

 88, 89, 89 A. Eoot pressure. 90. Moll's experiment. 91. Absorption 

 by means of dead roots pp. 73 78. 



CHAPTER IV. 



TRANSPIRATION. 



SECTION A. Absorption of water. 92. Potometer. 93. Kohl's 

 method. 94. Effect of sunshine. 95. Effect of wind. 96. Effect 

 of light. 97 100. Negative pressure. 101. Permeability of mem- 

 branes. 102. Oozing of water from wood. 103. Permeability of 

 splint-wood. 104. Kecovery of flaccid shoot. 105. Emulsion ex- 

 periment. 106. Injection with cocoa-butter. 107. Compression. 

 108. Incisions. 109. Cross-cuts. 110. Do., course shown by 

 eosin. 111. Air-pump and potometer. 112. Strasburger's air- 

 pump experiment pp. 79 96. 



SECTION B. Loss of water. 113. Loss of weight during transpi- 

 ration. 114. Transpiration compared with evaporation from water. 

 115. Loss compared with absorption. 116. Spring balance. 



pp. 971O1. 



SECTION C. Stomata, bloom, lenticels. 117. Stomatal trans- 

 piration. 118. Horn-hygroscope. 118 bis. Temperature of transpiring 

 leaves. 118 A. Stahl's cobalt method. 118 B. Stomata in withered 

 leaves. 118 c. Effect of salt on the stomata. 119. Stomata and 

 intercellular spaces. 120. Leaf injected with water. 121. Frost effects. 

 122. Blocking of stomata with water. 123. Movements of stomata. 

 124. Do. with induced current. 125. Lenticels and intercellular 

 spaces. 126. Bloom as affecting transpiration . pp. 102 ill. 



CHAPTER V. 



PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. 



SECTION A. Imbibition, hygroscopic movements, polariscope, 



osmosis. 127. Laminaria, microscopic observation. 128. Lami- 

 naria, increase not uniform in all directions. 129. Imbibition of seeds, 



