34 FORMALDEHYDE. [CH. II 



alcohol as a decoloriser is avoided. The flowers must, 

 however, be boiled before being placed in the iodine fluid. 



(39) Formaldehyde. 



Loew 1 and Bokorny 2 have shown that although formal- 

 dehyde is poisonous even in very dilute solutions yet that 

 oxy methyl sodium sulfonate (which is easily decomposed 

 into formaldehyde and NaHS0 3 can be used in culture 

 fluids, in the proportion of Ol per cent., without injury to 

 Spirogyra. Bokorny (loc. cit.) has shown that if Spirogyra 

 is cultivated, in the light, in a nutrient solution containing 

 01 per cent, oxymethyl sodium sulfonate, the starch in 

 the plant increases considerably, a result which we have 

 confirmed. The access of CO 2 must of course be pre- 

 vented : for this reason the cultures must be examined for 

 moulds, or bacteria which might serve as a source of C0 2 

 to the algae. The nutrient solution must contain O'l 

 per cent, disodic phosphate to counteract the evil effects 

 of the NaHS0 3 set free. After four or five days the 

 plants must be compared with the control specimens 

 which have been grown under identical conditions but 

 without oxymethyl sodium sulfonate. 



(40) Starch-formers (leucoplasts). 



These may be examined in the tubers of Phajus 

 grandifolius, according to the method given by Stras- 

 burger 3 . The sections are to be placed in alcoholic 

 tincture of iodine diluted with half its volume of distilled 



1 Botan. Centralblatt, XLIV. p. 315. 



2 Berichte d. D. Bot. Ges. ix. p. 103. 

 s Praktikum, pp. 67, 68. 



