Widmann A Preliminary Catalog of the Birds of Missouri. 193 



from northern Maine, northern Manitoba and Alberta northward. 

 Winters from Potomac, Ohio and Missouri Rivers southward 

 to the Gulf coast and westward to middle Texas. 



In Missouri a common transient visitant in all parts of the 

 state, and a fairly common winter resident from St. Louis 

 southward, particularly numerous in the heavy forests of the 

 swampy southeast. They are among the first sparrows to leave 

 their winter quarters in the southern states, but make slow prog- 

 ress at first. Entering the state at the southern boundary late 

 in February or early in March the first reach central Missouri 

 in the second, the northern border in the third week of the month. 

 The bulk is present southwardly from the middle to the end 

 of March, northwardly from the 20th to April 5, some years to 

 the 10th. The last birds are observed in the first and second 

 week of April, rarely later. Latest records April 17, 1894, 

 Keokuk; April 18, 1903, and 19, 1888, St. Louis. In withdraw- 

 ing from the northern breeding grounds Fox Sparrows are among 

 the latest migrants to put in their appearance in Missouri, 

 where they are seldom seen before the second, some years not 

 before the third, week of October. Earlier, exceptional, dates 

 are reported from Keokuk, September 29, 1896, October 1, 1895, 

 October 2, 1894. They are most common in all parts of the 

 state between October 25 and November 10, but retire south- 

 ward by the middle of the month; latest dates November 20, 

 1894, Keokuk; November 25, 1902, Jasper; December 10, 1901, 

 Jasper. 



*587. PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Linn.). Towhee. 



Fringilla erythrophthalma. Emberiza erythrophthalma. Chewink. Joree. 



Geog. Dist. Eastern North America north to Ontario and 

 eastern Manitoba; west to eastern Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, 

 Indian Territory. Breeds from Georgia and Louisiana north- 

 ward and winters from Pennsylvania, Indiana, Missouri and 

 eastern Kansas southward to southern Florida, the Gulf coast 

 and southwestern Texas. 



In Missouri a common summer resident in the prairie and 

 Ozark border region, but only locally common in the Ozarks, 

 and rare in the swampy southeast, where it is a fairly common 

 winter resident. As a transient visitant it is generally distrib- 

 uted and common from the middle of March to the middle of 

 April, and from September 25 to October 20. As a winter resi- 



