254 (i LEANINGS FROM NATURE. 



species remaining with us throughout the year 

 the quail, crow and jay-bird being familiar examples. 

 Of the 321 birds known to occur in Indiana, 33 belong 

 to this class. 



Second. WINTER RESIDENTS. These nest in the 

 northern. regions and come down each season in late 

 autumn to spend the winter months with us and cheer 

 us up with their merry chirps, but disappear north- 

 ward again at the approach of spring. The slate 

 colored snow-bird and the tree sparrow are the most 

 familiar and abundant of the eleven species of this 

 group which occur in Indiana. 



Third. WINTER VISITORS. These are birds either 

 from the north or north-west which often drop in 

 upon us to spend a week or two when King Boreas 

 reigns supreme, and the mercury marks daily the zero 

 point or below. The great snowy owl, the red cross- 

 bill and the golden eagle are examples of the 14 

 species of this class which have been noted in the 

 State. 



In the wooded portions of Indiana the woodpeckers 

 are among the most noticeable and interesting mem- 

 bers of our winter bird fauna. Few are the days 

 from November to April when their peculiar calls 



and rapid tapping in search of food 

 The Wood- 



ecker F mil ma ^' n heard. About 2oO kinds 



of woodpeckers arc known, only eleven 

 of which are found in the United States east of the 

 Mississippi river. Of these, seven occur in Indiana, 

 live of the seven being permanent residents ; one, a 

 migrant, is seen here only in spring and fall ; while the 

 other one is a summer resident, but often remains in 



