70 REASON AND INSTINCT. 



It is to a further consideration of a few familiar 

 examples of the first mentioned group that I propose 

 to .devote the remainder of this chapter. 



Few subjects of study are more difficult and ob- 

 scure than such as belong to the lower forms of the 

 animal kingdom. However carefully we may observe 

 the habits of these animals, our conclusions are too 

 often apt to be unsound, from our proneness to judge 

 of their actions as we would of the actions of men. 

 As a consequence, an animal may be pronounced at 

 one moment quiet and intelligent, and at another 

 obstinate and dull, while perhaps, if the truth were 

 known, it deserves neither verdict. 



For my own part, the more I contemplate the 

 habits of many members of the marine animal king- 

 dom, the more am I astounded at the seeming intelli- 

 gence and purpose manifested in many of their 

 actions. Prior, apparently, must have been impressed 

 with the same idea, for he says, speaking of ani- 

 mals, 



1 Vainly the philosopher avers 

 That reason guides our deeds, and instinct theirs. 

 How can we justly different causes frame 

 When the effects entirely are the same f 

 Instinct and reason, how can we divide? 

 Tis the fool's ignorance, and the pedant's pride ! " 



This train of thought has been suggested to my 

 mind by viewing the singular conduct of a Shore-Crab, 

 whom I kept domesticated for many consecutive 

 months. Three times during his confinement he cast 



