Fermentation 



fiddle-shaped 



ferments, particularized as ace'tic 

 ~>, produced by Bacterium Aceti, 

 Lanzi ; alcoholic ~ , by yeast, 

 and similar organisms ; butyric ~ , 

 by a Vibrio ; lac'tic ~ , by which 

 sugars are turned into acids ; an- 

 other classification is (1) diastatlc 

 ~ , converting starch into sugar ; (2) 

 ferments which decompose gluco- 

 sides with production of sugar, 

 such as emulsin; (3) ferments 

 which convert cane-sugar into glu- 

 cose, as invertase ; (4) and those 

 which convert proteids into 

 peptones, or peptic ~-, such as 

 papain . 



Ferrobacte'ria (ferrum, iron, + BAC- 

 TERIUM), bacteria which oxidize 

 ferrous to ferric salts. 



ferrugin'eous, -eus, ferru'ginous, fer- 

 rugino'sus (ferrugo, rust), rust- 

 coloured ; ferruginas'cens (Lat. ), 

 becoming rusty ; Ferru'go (Lat. ), a 

 disease in plants known also as 

 " Rust," due to the Uredo stage of 

 various species of Puccinia. 



fer'tile, fert'ilis (Lat.), capable of pro- 

 ducing fruit ; ~ Flow'ers, female 

 flowers, those which possess pistils ; 

 ~ Sta'mens, those bearing pollen 

 which fecundates the ovules ; Fer- 

 tilization, Fertilise/,' tio, see Supple- 

 ment ; cf. POLLINATION; ~ Tube, 

 the channel by which gonoplasm 

 passes from the antheridium to 

 the oogonium in Peronosporeae ; 

 Close ~ , breeding in - and - in, or 

 successive progeny of closely re- 

 lated parents ; Cross ~ , progeny by 

 other forms not of close affinity. 



ferula'ceous, ferula' ceus (Lat.) (1) re- 

 sembling the genus Ferula ; (2) per- 

 taining to reeds or canes, or being 

 formed like them, hollow. 



Fervida'rium (fervidus, boiling hot), 

 applied in botanic gardens to the 

 Stove. 



fes'tucine, straw-coloured, as the dry 

 culm of Festuca ; fes'tucous, formed 

 of straw. 



fe'tidus = FOETIDUS. 



Fi'bre, Fi'bra (Lat.), (1) a fine thread 

 or filament, chambered or woody ; 



(2) the fusiform cells of the inner 

 bark ; (3) the ultimate rootlets ; 

 element'ary ~ , the thread in a spiral 

 vessel, secondary deposit in a spiral; 

 fi'briform (forma, shape), fibre- 

 shaped ; Fi'bril, Fibrill'a, diminu- 

 tive of FIBRE; ~ of Nu'cleus = 

 CHROMOSOME ; fi'brillate, fibril- 

 la'tus, n'brillose, fi'brillous,/6H^o'- 

 sus, furnished with fibres, as roots, 

 or having a finely lined appearance ; 

 "- Lay'er, two outer layers of closely 

 woven hyphae in Geasler ; ~ Myce'- 

 lium = FIBROUS MYCELIUM ; Fi'brin 

 (vegetable), occurs in gluten, has 

 no fibrous structure as animal fibrin, 

 but forms when dry a tough, horny 

 mass; fi'bro- cellular, "composed 

 of spiral cells " ; ~ va'sal (Crozier) 

 = ~ vasc'nlar, tissue of mixed 

 vessels and fibres; ~ Bun'dle, 

 or Vascular Bundle, an association 

 of vessels characteristic of the 

 higher plants, usually consisting 

 of phloem and xylem elements, 

 often surrounded by a special layer 

 of cells known as the bundle -sheath; 

 ~ Cord, proposed by Strasburger 

 for the similar structure in mono- 

 cotyledons ; ~ Cylinder, the central 

 cylinder ; ~ Sys'tem, the whole of 

 the fibrous portion of a plant, ex- 

 clusive of the purely cellular struc- 

 tures ; Fibrole'in, Fayod's term for 

 a very delicate membrane of the 

 spirals of protoplasm (hyaloplasm) ; 

 fi'brous, fi'brose, fbro'sus, having 

 much woody fibre, as the rind of 

 a Coco-nut ; Fi'brous - mycelium, 

 when the hyphae form long branch- 

 ing strands ; Fi'brose, Fre"my's term 

 for the substance of woody fibre, a 

 variety of cellulose. 



Fi'brosin, a reserve substance re- 

 sembling FIBROSE, found by Zopf 

 in the conidia of certain Fungi, 

 in the form of rounded flattened 

 discs, embedded in the protoplasm ; 

 ~ Bodies, the discs described ; 

 fi'bry, used by Loudon for FIBROUS. 



Fi'taula (Lat., a buckle), a cylindrical 

 podetium, terminated by apothecia. 



fid'dle-shaped, panduriform. 



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