APPENDIX 



p.p. pro parte, partly ; on the 



title-page of a thesis it 

 stands for publice pro- 

 ponit. 



sp. species ; spp. two or more 



species. 



t. or tab. tabula, plate ; t. some- 

 times, but rarely, means 

 tomus, volume. 



v.s.c. vidi siccam cidtam, I have 



seen a dried cultivated 

 specimen. 



v.s.s. vidi siccam spontaneam, 

 I have seen a dried wild 

 specimen. 



v.v.c. vidi vivam cultam, I have 

 seen a living cultivated 

 specimen. 



v.v.s. vidi vivam spontaneam, 

 I have seen a living wild 

 specimen. 

 Names of authors when long are 



properly abbreviated by giving the 



first syllable and the first consonant 

 of the second, as Lam. for Lamarck ; 

 when there are more of the same 

 name, an initial or other sign is 

 added. The latest list is to be 

 found in Gray's "Botanical Text- 

 book," ed. 6, p. 385-390. 



Special signs will be found in many 

 works, but their use is usually ex- 

 plained, as inEichler's " Bluthendia- 

 gramme." For longer lists refer to 

 Candolle (A. P. de) " Systema Vege- 

 tabilium," i. p. 12, 13; Trattinick 

 (L.) " Synodus " i. p. 13, 14 ; Loudon 

 (J. 0.) " Hortus Britannicus," " En- 

 cyclopaedia of Plants," and "Arbore- 

 tum"; Lindley (J.) "Introduction 

 to Botany," ed. 1, p. 422-431. The 

 meaning of chemical signs, such as 

 COa for carbon dioxide, Ha 0, water, 

 and the like, must be obtained from a 

 text-book of chemistry. 



APPENDIX B 



THE PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN AND LATINIZED WORDS 



The old or traditional method is as follows : 



a short as in fat. a long, as in gave. 



e pet. e evil, 



i thin. i ,, ice. 



o not. o ,, note, 



u tub. u ,, tube. 



y cygnet. y ,, cypress, 



ae, oe, as in feet, ei as in eye, au as in bawl, 

 c and g hard before a, o, u ; soft before e, i, y ; ch as k. 



The modern or continental method :- 

 a short as in apart, 

 lend, 

 thin. 



o , not. 



u full. 



a long, as in psalm, 

 e ,, vein, 

 i seen. 



note, 

 rule. 



y short, like German ii, and French u. 



ae, oe, ei, practically as in pain. 



au as in house. 



c and g always hard, as in cut and good. 



oh as in Christian. 



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