AMERICAN EDITION 



OF THE 



BRITISH ENCYCLOPEDIA, 



OR 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



ARTS AND SCIENCES. 



COMPRISING 



\ r - ? . 



AN ACCURATE AND POPULAR VIEW 



OF THE PRESENT 



IMPROVED STATE OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE. 



BY WILLMM NICHOLSON, 



Author and Proprietor of the Philosophical Journal, and various other Chemical, Philosophical, and 

 Mathematical Works. 



ILLUSTRATED WITH 



UPWARDS OP 180 ELEGANT ENGRAVINGS, 

 VOL. IX. NIC ...... PHO, 



PHILADELPHIA I 



PUBLISHED BY MITCHELL, AMES, AND WHITE. 



William Brown, Printer. 



1881< 



09 



