ORG 



ORG 



the other bolt is then drawn back, and 

 the pin, P, moved in or out to ano- 

 ther notch ; the bolts are then to be re- 

 turned. Several barrels are adapted to 

 the sume organ, to perform a great va- 

 riety of tunes. 



ORG AN 1C AL, in the ancient music, 

 was that part performed by instruments. 

 The organical comprehended three kinds 

 of instruments, viz. the wind instru- 

 ments, as trumpets, flutes, hautboys, 

 &c. ; stringed instruments, as lutes, lyres, 

 violins, harpsichords, &c. ; and pulsa- 

 tive instruments, or those played by 

 beating with the hands or sticks, as 

 drums, &.c. 



ORGANJCA.T. description of curves, is the 

 description of them upon a plane by 

 means of instruments, and commonly 

 by a continued motion. The most sim- 

 ple construction of this kind is, that 

 of a circle, by means of a pair of com- 

 passes. The next is that of an ellipse, 

 by means of a thread and two pins in the 

 foci, or the ellipse and hyperbola, by 

 means of the elliptical and hyperbolic 

 compasses. * 



ORGANZINE, in commerce, a de- 

 scription of silk usually imported from 

 Italy into this country. It is of the ut- 

 most importance to the manufacturer, as 

 none of the principal articles could be 

 fabricated without it ; and the Italians 

 aware of this, long kept the art of throw- 

 ing it a most profound secret. It was in- 

 troduced into this country by the enter- 

 prize and skill of Messrs. Thomas and 

 John Lombe, the latter having at the 

 risk of his life, and with wonderful inge- 

 nuity, taken a plan of one of these 

 complicated machines, in the King of 

 Sardinia's dominions, from which; on his 

 return, they established a similar set of 

 mills in the town of Derby ; and in con- 

 sideration of the great hazard and ex- 

 pense attending the undertaking, a pa- 

 tent was granted to Sir Thomas Lombe, 

 in 1718, for securing to him the exclu- 

 sive privilege of working organzine for 

 the term of 14 years ; but the construc- 

 tion of building's and engines, and the 

 instruction of the workmen, took up so 

 much time, that the 14 years were near- 

 ly expired before he could derive any 

 advantage from it, in consequence of 

 which he petitioned parliament, in 1731, 

 to grant him a further term ; but parlia- 

 ment considering it an object of national 

 importance, granted him the sum of 

 14.000/. on condition that he should al- 

 low a perfect model of the machinery to 

 be taken, and deposited in the Tower of 



London, for public inspection. Similar 

 mills were, in consequence, set up in dif- 

 ferent parts of the country ; but owing to 

 the difficulties that were experienced in 

 procuring raw silk of the proper size for 

 organzine, the exportation of which from 

 Italy was prohibited, and to the mills hav- 

 ing subsequently found employment for 

 other purposes, the quantities worked 

 into organzine, for many years, bore 

 scarcely any proportion to the imports 

 from Italy ; it has, however, been since 

 revived and improved, in consequence of 

 which it is now carried to a very consi- 

 derable extent. 



The process which the silk undergoes 

 to bring it into this state, consists of six 

 different operations : 1. The silk is wound 

 from the skein upon bobbins. 2. It is 

 then sorted. 3. It is spun, or twisted, on 

 a mill in a single thread. 4. Two threads 

 thus spun are doubled, or drawn to- 

 gether through the fingers of a woman, 

 who at the same time cleans them, by 

 taking out the slubs which may have 

 been left in the silk by the negligence 

 of the foreign reeler. 5. It is then 

 thrown by a mill, that is, the two threads 

 are twisted together either slack or 

 hard, as the manufacture may require ; 

 and it is wound at the same time in 

 skeins upon a reel. 6. The skeins are 

 sorted, according to their different de- 

 grees of fineness, and then the process 

 is complete. 



Organzine was for many years made 

 only from Italian silk, but when consi- 

 derable improvements were made in 

 the culture of silk in India, it suggest- 

 ed the possibility of throwing some of the 

 finer silks of Bengal into organzine. 

 The experiments of individuals were not 

 very satisfactory, but in the beginning of 

 1794, the East India Company took up 

 the subject, with the view of increas- 

 ing the annual consumption of Bengal 

 silk in this country ; and having it in 

 their power to select from their total im- 

 port the silks most proper for this pur- 

 pose, they have been enabled, at each 

 subsequent sale, to put up from 80 to 100 

 bales of good Bengal organzine. It has 

 been adopted successively in several 

 branches of the manufacture; and in the 

 year 1808, when the prohibition of ex- 

 portation from Italy produced a scarcity 

 of the silks of that country, attempts were 

 made to substitute Bengal organzine for 

 all the purposes to which Italian organ- 

 zine was applied ; the result, however, 

 appeared to be that, for some particular 

 articles, Italian organzine possesses pecu- 



