PAPER. 



without strength. This paper requires 

 to be very much sized, since the sizing 

 holds the place of varnish, to which the 

 smoothing gives a glared and shining sur- 

 face. To answer all these purposes, the 

 rags require to be a little rotted, and the 

 mallets strongly armed with iron studs. 



There are three methods by which pa- 

 per-hangings are painted; the first by 

 printing on the colours ; the second by 

 using the stencil ; and the third by laying 

 them on with a pencil, as in other kinds 

 of painting. When the colours are laid 

 on by printing, the impression is made by 

 wooden prints, which are cut in such a 

 manner, that the figure u> be expressed is 

 made to project from the surface by cut- 

 ting away all the other part; and ihis, 

 being charged with the colours tempered 

 with their proper vehicle, by letting it 

 gently down on the block on which 

 the colour is previously spread, conveys 

 it from thence to the ground of the paper, 

 on which it is ratide to fall more forcibly 

 by means or its weight, and the effort of 

 the arm of the person who uses the print. 

 It is easy to conclude, that there must be 

 as many separate prints as there are co- 

 lours to be printed But where there are 

 more than one, great care must be taken, 

 after the first, to let the print fall exactly 

 in the same part of the paper as that 

 which went before ; otherwise the figure 

 of the design would be brought into ir- 

 regularity and confusion. In common 

 paper of low price, it is usual, therefore, 

 to print only the outlines, and lay on the 

 rest of the colours by stencilling, which 

 both saves the expense of cutting more 

 prints, and can be practised by common 

 workmen, not requiring the great care 

 and dexterity necessary to the using se- 

 veral prints. The manner of stencilling 

 the colours is this : the figure, which all 

 the parts of any particular colour make 

 in the design to be painted, is to be cut 

 out in a piece of thin leather, or oil-cloth, 

 which pieces of leather, or oil-cloth, are 

 called stencils ; and being laid flat on 

 the sheets of paper to be printed, spread 

 on a table or floor, are to be rubbed over 

 with the colour, properly tempered, by 

 means of a large brush. The colour 

 passing over the whole is consequently 

 spread on those parts of the paper where 

 the cloth or leather is cut away, and give 

 the same effect as if laid on "by a print. 

 This is nevertheless only practicable in 

 parts where there are only detached 

 masses or spots of colours ; for where 

 there are small continued lines, or parts 

 that run one into another, it is difficult to 



preserve the connection or continuity of 

 the parts of the cloth, or to keep the 

 smaller corners close down to the paper ; 

 and therefore, in such cases, prints are 

 preferable. Stencilling is indeed a cheap- 

 er method of ridding coarse work than 

 printing ; but without such extraordinary 

 attention and trouble, as render it equally 

 difficult with printing, it is far less beauti- 

 ful and exact in the effect. For the out- 

 line of the spots ot colour want that sharp- 

 ness and regularity that are given by 

 prints, besides the freqi.ent extra linea- 

 tions, or deviations from the just figure, 

 which happens by the original misplac- 

 ing of the stencils, or the shifting the 

 place ot them dui ing the operation. Pen- 

 cilling is only used in the case of nicer 

 work, such as the better imitations of 

 the India paper. It is performed in the 

 same manner as other paintings in water 

 or varnish* It i.s sometimes used only to 

 fill the outlines already formed by print- 

 ing, where the price of the colour, or the 

 exactness of the manner in which it is 

 required to be laid on, render the stencil- 

 lhi or printing it less proper; at other 

 times, it is used for forming or delineat- 

 ing some parts of the design, where a 

 spirit of freedom and variety, not to be 

 had in printed outlines, are desired to be 

 had in the work. The paper designed 

 for receiving the flock is first prepared 

 with a varnish-ground with some proper 

 colour, or by that of the paper itself, 

 is frequently practised to print some Mo- 

 saic, or other small running figure in co. 

 lours, on the ground, before the flock be 

 laid on ; and it may be done with any 

 pigment of the colour desired, tempered 

 with varnish, and laid on by a print cut 

 correspondently to that end. The me- 

 thod of laying on the flock is this : a 

 wooden print being cut, as is above de- 

 scribed, for laying on the colour in such 

 manner that the part of the design which 

 is intended for the flock may project be- 

 yond the rest of the surface, the varnish 

 is put on a block covered with leather or 

 oil- cloth, and the print is to be used also 

 in the same manner, to lay the varnish on 

 all the parts where the flock is to be fixed. 

 The sheet thus prepared by the varnish- 

 ed impression, is then to be removed to 

 another block or table, and to be strewed 

 over with flock, which is afterwards to be 

 gently compressed by a board, or some 

 oilier flat body, to make the varnish take 

 the better hold of it ; and then the sheet 

 is to be hung on a frame till the varnish 

 be perfectly dry, at which time the super- 

 fluous part of flock is to be brushed oft' 



