PAPILIO. 



lower part of the wing, following the 

 shape of that part, and of a somewhat un- 

 dulating appearance as it approaches the 

 tip : the lower wings are of the same 

 green colour, edged with velvet-black, 

 and marked by four spots of that colour ; 

 while at the upper part of each, or at the 

 part where the upper wings lap over, is a 

 squarish orange-coloured spot : the tho- 

 rax is black, with sprinklings of lucid 

 green in the middle, and the abdomen is 

 of a bright yellow or gold colour. On the 

 under side of the animal the distribution 

 of colours is somewhat different, the 

 green being disposed in central patches 

 on the upper wings, and the lower being 

 marked by more numerous black as well 

 as orange spots. The red or bloody 

 spots on each side of the thorax are not 

 always to be seen on this, the Trojan mo- 

 narch. The P. Priamus is a very rare in- 

 sect, and is a native of the island of Am- 

 boyna. 



P. Philenor : wings tailed black, mar- 

 gin of the upper ones varied with white 

 and black ; lower ones glossed with 

 green, seven fulvous spots beneath, each 

 surrounded by a black line and marked 

 with a small white lateral dot. Body 

 black ; breast and abdomen spotted with 

 white. Not uncommon in the United 

 States. 



Among the Equites Achivi, the P. Me- 

 nelaus may be considered as one of the 

 most splendidly beautiful of the butterfly 

 tribe. Its size is large, measuring when 

 expanded about six inches ; and its co- 

 lour is the most brilliant silver-blue that 

 imagination can conceive, changing, ac- 

 cording to the variation of the light, into 

 a deeper blue, and in some lights to a 

 greenish cast : on the under side it is en- 

 tirely brown, with numerous deeper and 

 lighter undulations, and three large ocel- 

 lated spots on each wing. It is a native 

 of South America, and proceeds from a 

 large yellow caterpillar, beset with nu- 

 merous, upright, sharp, black spines. It 

 changes into an angular chrysalis, of a 

 brown colour, and distinguished by hav- 

 ing the proboscis projecting in a semi- 

 circular manner over the breast; from 

 this chrysalis, in about fourteen days, pro- 

 ceeds the complete insect. 



The P. Machaon is an insect of great 

 beauty, and may be considered as the 

 only British species of Papilio belonging 

 to the tribe of Equites. It is commonly 

 known among the English collectors by 

 the title of the swallow-tailed butterfly, 

 and is of a beautiful yellow, with black 



VOL. V. 



spots or patches along the upper edge of 

 the superior wings : all the wings are 

 bordered with a deep edging of black, 

 decorated with a double row of crescent- 

 shaped spots, of which the upper row is 

 blue, and the lower yellow : the under 

 wings are tailed, and are marked at the 

 inner angle or tip with a round red spot 

 bordered with blue and black. The 

 caterpillar of this species feeds princi- 

 pally on fennel, and other umbelliferous 

 plants, and is sometimes found on rue. 

 It is of a green colour, encircled with 

 numerous black bands, spotted with red, 

 and is furnished on the top of the 

 head with a pair of short tentacula of a 

 red colour, which it occasionally pro- 

 trudes from that part. In the month of 

 July it changes into a yellowish-grey an- 

 gular chrysalis, affixed to some convenient 

 part of the plant, or other neighbouring 

 substance, and from this chrysalis in the 

 month of August proceeds the complete 

 insect. 



P. Turnus : wings tailed, both surfaces 

 alike, yellow, with a black margin and 

 abbreviated bands ; angle of the tail ful- 

 vous. It is very common in the United 

 States, and is figured by Cramer under 

 the name of Alcidamas ; bears considera- 

 ble resemblance to the preceding spe- 

 cies, but besides other differences it is 

 larger. 



Of the division called Heliconii, the 

 beautiful insect, the P. Apollo, is an ex- 

 ample. It is a native of many parts of Eu- 

 rope, and is of a white colour, with a semi- 

 transparency towards the tips of the 

 wings, which are decorated with velvet- 

 black spots, and on each of the lower 

 wings are two most beautiful ocellatecl 

 spots, consisting of a carmine-coloured 

 circle, with a white centre and black ex- 

 terior border. The caterpillar is black, 

 with small red spots, and a pair of short 

 retractile tentacula in front : it feeds on 

 orpine, and some other succulent plants, 

 and changes into a brown chrysalis, co- 

 vered with a kind of glaucous or violet- 

 coloured powder. 



Of the division entitled Danai Can- 

 didi, P. Palaeno is a familiar example. 

 The wings entire, yellow with a black 

 tip, fulvous margin, and red fringe on 

 the edge ; lower ones with a silvery dot 

 beneath. The antennae are red. Ex- 

 tremely common in every part of North 

 America, and in many countries of 

 Europe. The larva is a little hairy, 

 green, with yellow lines and black 

 dots. 



