PAP 



PAP 



simple, finger-shaped, or winged. The 

 flowers are hermaphrodite, and proceed 

 either from the wings of the leaves, as 

 in furze, liquorice, lupin, kidney-bean, 

 &c. or from the extremity of the branch- 

 es, as in ebony of Crete, false acacia, tre- 

 foil, coral-tree, &c. The. calyx is a peri- 

 anthium of one leaf, bell-shaped, branch- 

 ing out at the bottom, and cut on its brim 

 or margin into five irregular divisions, or 

 teeth, the lowermost of which being the 

 odd one, is longer than the rest : the 

 other four stand in pairs, of which the 

 uppermost is shortest, and stands furthest 

 asunder. The bottom of the calyx is 

 moistened with a sweet liquor, like 

 honey, which may be deemed the nec- 

 tarium of these plants. The petals are 

 four or five in number, very irregular, 

 and from their figure and position bear 

 an obvious resemblance in most of the 

 genera to a butterfly expanding its wings 

 for flight. The stamina are generally 

 ten in number. These are either totally 

 distinct, as in plants of the first section ; 

 or united by the filaments into one or 

 two bundles, involving the seed bud, as 

 in those of the second and third. In the 

 latter case, where there are two sets of 

 united filaments, one of the sets is com- 

 posed of nine stamina, which are united 

 into a crooked cylinder, that is cleft on 

 one side through its whole length. Along 

 this cleft lies the tenth filament, or sta- 

 men, which constitutes the second set, 

 and is often so closely attached to the 

 large bundle, that it cannot be separated 

 without some difficulty. The seed-bud 

 is single, placed upon the receptacle of 

 the flower, oblong, cylindrical, slightly 

 compressed, of the length of the cylinder 

 of the united stamina by which it is in- 

 volved ; and sometimes, as in the coral- 

 tree, elevated by a slender foot-stalk, 

 which issues from the centre of the ca- 

 lyx. The style is single, slender, and ge- 

 nerally crooked. In the pea the style is 

 hairy, three-cornered, and keel-shaped 

 above ; by which last circumstance chief- 

 ly that genus is distinguished from the 

 lathyrus, in which the style is plain. The 

 stigma, or summit of the style, is gene-^ 

 rally covered with a beautiful down, and 

 placed immediately under the anthers, 

 or tops of the stamina. The seed-ves- 

 sel in this order is that sort of pod term- 

 ed a legumen, which is of an oblong 

 figure, more or less compressed, with 

 two valves, and one, two, or more cavi- 

 ties ; these cavities are often separated, 

 when ripe, by a sort of joints, which are 

 conspicuous in the pods of the coronilla, 

 French honey-suckle, horse-shoe vetch, 



bird's-foot, bastard sensitive-plant, and 

 scorpiurus : the seeds are generally few 

 in number, round, smooth, and fleshy. 

 Jointed pods have generally a single 

 seed in each articulation. The seeds are 

 all fastened along one suture, and not al- 

 ternately to both, as in the other species 

 of pod termed siliqua. 



The plants of this family are in general 

 mucilaginous ; from the inner bark flows 

 a clammy liquor, which dries and hardens 

 like gum: the juice of others, as that of 

 the liquorice, is sweet like sugar. Some 

 of the plants are bitter, purgative, or 

 emetic, and some are poisonous. They 

 are, however, emollient, useful in the 

 healing of wounds, and astringent. See 

 Milne's Botanical Dictionary. 



PAPISTS, persons professing the Po- 

 pish religion. By several statutes, if any 

 English priest of the church of Rome, 

 born in the dominions of the crown of 

 England, came from beyond the seas, or 

 tarried in England three days without 

 conforming to the church, he was guilty 

 of high treason ; and they also incurred 

 the guilt of high treason who were recon- 

 ciled to the see of Rome, or procured 

 others to be reconciled to it. By these 

 laws, also, Papists were disabled from 

 giving their children education in their 

 own religion. If they educated their 

 children at home, for maintaining the 

 schoolmaster, if he did not repair to the 

 church, or was not allowed by the bishop 

 of the diocese, they were liable to forfeit 

 10/. a month, and the schoolmaster was 

 liable to the forfeiture of 40s. a day. If 

 they sent their children for education 

 abroad, they were liable to forfeit 1001. 

 and the children so sent were incapable 

 of inheriting, purchasing, or enjoying 

 any lands, profits, goods, debts, legacies, 

 or sums of money : saying mass was 

 punishable by a forfeiture of 200 marks ; 

 and hearing it, by a forfeiture of 1001. 



By statute 11 and 12 William III. c. 4, 

 the Chancellor may take care of the edu- 

 cation and maintenance of the protestant 

 children of papists. 



By the laws against recusancy, all per- 

 sons abstaining from going to church 

 were liable to penalties. By 35 Eliza- 

 beth, c. 2, a distinction was made against 

 Papists, who, if convicted of recusancy, 

 were fined 201. per month, disabled from 

 holding offices, keeping arms in their 

 houses, suing at law, being executors and 

 guardians, presenting to advowsons, 

 practising law or physic ; from holding- 

 offices civil or military ; were subject to 

 excommunication ; could not travel five 

 miles from home, nor come to court, un- 



