PEA 



PEA 



\vhelps ; they therefore say, heave a 

 pawle ; that is, heave a little more, for the 

 pawle to get hold of the whelps : and 

 this they cull pawling the capstan. 



PAWN, among 1 miners, a pledge put 

 into the bar-master's hand, at the time 

 when the plaintiff causes the bar master 

 to arrest the mine. 



PAWNBROKER. See BROKER. 



PAY, in the sea-language. The sea- 

 men say, pay more cable, when they 

 mean to let out more cable. 



PAYING, among seamen. When the 

 seams of a ship are laid over with a coat 

 of hot pitch, it is called paying her; and 

 when this is done with canvass, parcel- 

 ling ; also when, after she is graved, and 

 the soil burned off, a new coat of tallow 

 and soap, or one of train oil, rosin, and 

 brimstone boiled together, is put on her, 

 that is also called paying of a ship. 



PAYMENT, in law, is the considera- 

 tion or purchase-money for goods, and 

 may be made by the" buyer giving to the 

 seller the price agreed upon, either by 

 bill or note, or by money. Where a day 

 certain is appointed for payment, the par- 

 ty bound shall be allowed till the last mo- 

 ment of the day to pay it in, if it be an in- 

 land bill. Payment of money before the 

 day, is, in law, payment at the day ; for 

 it cannot, in presumption of law, be any 

 prejudice to him to whom the payment is 

 made, to have his money before the time ; 

 and it appears by the party's receipt of it, 

 that it is for his own advantage to receive 

 it then. 



PEACE has been represented, allegori- 

 cally, as a beautiful female, holding in her 

 hand a wand or rod towards the earth, 

 over a hideous serpent, and keeping her 

 other hand over her face, as unwilling to 

 behold strife or war. By some painters 

 she has been represented holding in one 

 hand an olive branch, and leading a lamb 

 and a wolf yoked by their necks in the 

 other ; others again have delineated her 

 with an olive branch in her right hand, 

 and a cornucopia, or horn of plenty, in 

 her left. At Rome a celebrated temple 

 was erected for the goddess of peace, 

 which was furnished with most of the rich 

 vases and curiosities taken out of the 

 Temple at Jerusalem. The Temple of 

 Peace, built by Vespasian, was three hun- 

 dred feet long, and two hundred feet 

 broad. Josephus says, that all the rarities 

 which men are accustomed to travel to 

 see, were deposited in this temple. 



PEACE, in law, signifies a quiet and 

 harmless behaviour towards the King and 

 Ms people. The King, by his office and 



dignity royal, is the principal conservator 

 of the peace within all his dominions j 

 and may give authority to any other to 

 see the peace kept, and to punish such 

 as break it ; hence it is usually called the 

 King's peace. All the great officers of 

 state are generally conservators of the 

 peace throughout the kingdom, and may 

 commit all breakers of it, or bind them in 

 recognizance to keep it. Also the she- 

 riff, coroner, constables, and tithingmen, 

 are conservators of the peace within their 

 own jurisdiction, and may apprehend all 

 breakers of the peace, and commit them 

 till they find sureties to keep the peace. 



PEACH, in botany. See AMYGDALUS. 



PEACOCK. See PAVO. 



PEARL, a concretion formed in several 

 species of shells, as in some species of the 

 oyster and the muscle. It has been re- 

 garded by some persons as a morbid con- 

 cretion, owing to an excess of shelly mat- 

 ter, and by others it is supposed to have 

 originated in a wound of the shell contain- 

 ing the animal. Pearls are of a silvery or 

 blueish- white colour, and very brilliant. 

 As they consist of concentric layers of 

 carbonate of lime and membrane, alter- 

 nately arranged, the refraction of light is 

 ascribed to the lamellated structure. See 

 SHELL. 



PEARL, mother of, is the shell, not of the 

 pearl oyster, but of another sea-fish of the 

 oyster kind. This shell on the inside is 

 extremely smooth, and of the whiteness 

 and water of pearl itself; audit has the 

 same lustre on the outside, after the first 

 laminae or scales have been cleared off" 

 with aquafortis and the lapidary's mill. 

 Mother of pearl is used in inlaid works, 

 and in several toys, as snuff-boxes, See. 



PEARL, in heraldry, in blazoning with 

 precious stones, is the same with argent, 

 or white. 



PEARL ash, an alkali used in various ma- 

 nufacturing processes : it is potash mixed 

 with different heterogeneous substances, 

 See POTASH. 



PEARL fishery. The most important 

 fishery to England at present is that at 

 Ceylon. The origin of this method of 

 procuring a valuable ornament for the 

 person must have arisen from accidental, 

 ly discovering the pearl within oysters 

 taken for food is evident ; but it is impos- 

 sible to ascertain when the search became 

 systematical, though it is extremely pro- 

 bable it has been so for many ages. 



The pearl oysters of the coast of Cey- 

 lon are all of one species, and possess the 

 same regularity of form ; but they assume 

 different qualities, and have different de- 



