PHARMACY. 



only twenty ounces of sugar to one pound 

 of the pulp of hips, and that the Dublin 

 add only twice their weight of sugar to 

 the sorrel leaves. La Grange says, that 

 by infusing the red rose leaves in four 

 times their weight of water, which is af- 

 terwards to be expressed from them, they 

 lose their bitterness, and are more easily 

 reduced to a puip, which he then mixes 

 with a thick syrup, prepared by dissolving 

 the sugar in the expressed liquor, and 

 boiling it down to the consistence of an 

 electuary. 



It is scarcely necessary to make any 

 particular remarks on these conserves. 

 Their taste and virtues are compounded 

 of those of sugar, and the substance com- 

 bined with it. The wood sorrel and hips 

 are acidulous and refrigerant ; the orange 

 rind and worm-wood bitter and stomachic, 

 and the red rose buds astringent. 



The electuaries and confections are as 

 follow : 



Flectuarium cassias, Lond. Dubl. electu- 

 arium cassise fistulae, Edin. electuary of 

 cassia. 



Electuarium cassiaesennse, Edin. electu- 

 arium sennae, Lond electuary lenitive. 



Electuarium catechu, Edin. electuary 

 of catechu. 



Electuarium catechu comp. Dubl. elec- 

 tuary of catechu, compound. 



Electuarium scammonii, Lond. Dubl. 

 electuary of scammony. 



Electuarium opiatum, Edin. confectio 

 opiata, Lond. electuary of opium, opiate 

 confection. 



Confectio aromatica, Lond. aromatic 

 confection. 



CLASS XXII. Trochisci. TROCHES. 



Troches and lozenges are composed of 

 powders made up with glutinous sub- 

 stances into little cakes, and afterwards 

 dried. This form is principally made use 

 of for the more commodious exhibition of 

 certain medicines, by fitting them to dis- 

 solve slowly in the mouth, so as to pass 

 by degrees into the stomach ; and hence 

 these preparations have generally a con- 

 siderable proportion of sugar or other ma- 

 terials grateful to the palate. Some pow- 

 ders have likewise been reduced into tro- 

 ches, with a view to their preservation ; 

 though possibly for no very good rea- 

 sons ; for the moistening, and afterwards 

 drying them in the air, must in this light 

 be of greater injury than any advantage 

 accruing from this form can counter- 

 balance. 



VOL. V. 



Trochisci cretae, Lond. trochisci carbo- 

 natis calcis, Edin. troches of chalk. 



Trochisci glycirrhiz-se, Lond. Dubl. tro- 

 ches of liquorice. 



Trocliisci glycirrhizae cum opio, Edin. 

 Dubl. troches of liquorice with opium. 



Trochisci amyli, Lond, troches of 

 starch. 



Trochisci gummosi, Edin. troches of 

 starch with gum arabic. 



Trochisci magnesias, Lond, troches of 

 magnesia. 



Trochisci nitri, Lond. trochisci nitratis 

 potassae, Edin. troches of nitre. 



Trochisci sulphuris, Lond. troches of 

 sulphur. 



CLASS XXIII. Pilule. PILLS. 



The masses for pills are best kept in 

 bladders, which should be moistened now 

 and then with some of the same kind of 

 liquid that the mass was made up with, 

 or with some proper aromatic oil. When 

 the mass is to be divided into pills, a giv- 

 en weight of it is rolled out into a cylin- 

 der of a given length, and of an equal 

 thickness throughout, and is then divided 

 into a given number of equal pieces, by 

 means of a simple machine. These pie- 

 ces are then rounded between the fin- 

 gers ; and, to prevent them from adher- 

 ing, they are covered either with starch, 

 or powder of liquorice, or orris root. In 

 Germany the powder of lycopodium is 

 much used. 



To this form are peculiarly adapted 

 those drugs which operate in a small 

 dose, and whose nauseous and offensive 

 taste or smell require them to be conceal- 

 ed from the palate. 



Pills should have the consistence of a 

 firm paste, a round form, and a weight 

 not exceeding five grains. Essential oils 

 may enter them in small quantity : deli- 

 quescent salts are improper. Efflores- 

 cent salts, such as carbonate of soda, 

 should be previously exposed so as to fall 

 to powder : deliquescent extracts should 

 have some powder combined with them. 

 The mass should be beaten until it be- 

 come perfectly uniform and plastic. Pow- 

 ders may be made into pills with extracts, 

 balsams, soap, mucilages, bread-crumb, 

 &c. 



Gummy resins, and inspissated juices, 

 are sometimes soft enough to be made 

 into pills, without addition : where any 

 moisture is requisite, spirit of wine is 

 more proper than syrups or conserves, as 

 it unites more readily with them, and 

 does not sensibly increase their bulk- 

 Light dry powders require syrup or mu/- 



Pf 



