PILE 



PRA 



and pounds separately, without writing 

 first down the total product, and then se- 

 parating them. 



III. It' the middle term is not an aliquot 

 part of some superior integer, (the divi- 

 sor being always 1), yet it may be equal 

 to the sum of several aliquot parts ; and 

 then if you divide by the denominators of 

 each of these separately, and add all the 

 quotes, the same is the answer required. 

 Example. If 1 yard cost 15s. what cost 49 

 vards ? Answer 36/. 15s.: found thus; 

 15s. is 10s. and 5s. viz. the one-half and 

 one-fourth of a 11. so I take the one half 

 of 49/. which is 24/. 10s. and one-fourth, 

 which is 121. 5s. whose sum is 36/. 15s. 



IV. If the middle term is so mixed as 

 to have in it any number of the highest 

 species, first multiply the number, and 

 then the other parts, by some of the for- 

 mer cases, if possible ; and if this cannot 

 be done, or not without much working, 

 then the common method of reduction is 

 to be taken. Example. If 1 yard cost 41. 

 6s. 8d. what cost 734 yards ? Answer 

 3,1801. 15s. 4d. for 41. multiplied by 734, 

 produces 2,936/. and for 6s. 8d. which is 

 the one-third of 11. you must take the 

 one-third of 734, which is 244/. 15s. 4d. 

 and the sum of both is 3,180/. 13s. 4d. 



V. If the extreme which is the multi- 

 plier is an aliquot part, or the sum of cer- 

 tain aliquot parts, of the unit, which is the 

 divisor, then take by division such part or 

 parts of the middle term (whether this be 

 a simple or mixed number) and if the 

 multiplier has also some number of the 

 same species with the unit, you must 

 wo'rkfor that number separately by some 

 of the former cases, or the common rule ; 

 then add all the parts, which is the an- 

 swer. 



Example 1. If 1 pound weight cost32/. 

 what cost 4 ounces ? Answer 81. viz. one- 

 fourth of 32/. because 4 ounces are one- 

 fourth of 1 pound. 



These are the chief and fundamental 

 practices by aliquot parts, which, who- 

 ever understands, will easily find many 

 particular abridgments depending upon 

 the same principles. 



PRJECIPE, is the name of several writs 

 in the English law, which are so called 

 from the form of commanding the de- 

 fendant to do the thing required. 



PKJEMUNIRE, is a punishment inflict- 

 ed upon him who denies the King's su- 

 premacy the second time ; upon him who 

 affirms the authority of the Pope, or re- 

 fuses to take the oath of supremacy ; up- 

 on such as are seditious talkers of the in- 

 heritance of the crown ; and upon such as 



affirm that there is any obligation by any 

 oath, covenant, or engagement whaiso* 

 ever, to endeavour a change of government 

 either in church or state ; or that both or 

 either house of Parliament have or hath a 

 legislative power without the King, &.c. 

 The judgment in prannunire at (he suit of 

 the King, against the defendant being in 

 prison, is, that he shall be out of 'the 

 King's protection ; that his lands and 

 tenements, goods and chattels, shall be 

 forfeited to the King ; and that his body 

 shall remain in prison at the King's plea- 

 sure ; but if the defendant be condemned 

 upon his default of not appearing, whe- 

 ther at the suit of the King or party, the 

 same judgment shall be given as to the 

 being out of the King's protection and 

 the forfeiture ; but instead of the clause 

 that the body shall remain in prison, there 

 shall be an award of a capiatur or arrest 

 Upon an indictment of a prxmunire, a 

 peer of the realm shall not be tried by 

 his peers. 



PRAGMATIC sanction, in the civil law, 

 is defined by Hottoman to be a rescript, 

 or answer of the sovereign, delivered, by 

 advice of his council, to some college, 

 order, or body of people, upon consult- 

 ing him on some case of their commu- 

 nity. The like answer, given to any par- 

 ticular person, is called simply rescript. 

 The term pragmatic sanction, is chiefly 

 applied to a settlement of Charles VI. 

 Emperor of Germany, who, in the year 

 1722, having no sons, settled his heredi- 

 tary dominions on his eldest daughter, 

 the Archduchess Maria Theresa, which 

 was confirmed by the diet of the Empire, 

 and guaranteed by Great Britain, France, 

 the States General, and most of the 

 powers in Europe. 



PRAM, or PRAME, a kind of lighter, 

 used in Holland and the ports in the Bal- 

 tic Sea, to carry the cargo of a merchant 

 ship along-side, in order to lade it, or to 

 bring it to the shore to be lodged in 

 warehouses. The same term is in use in 

 military affairs, for a kind of floating bat- 

 tery, being a flat bottomed vessel, which 

 draws little water, mounts several guns, 

 and is exceedingly useful in transporting 

 troops over the immense lakes in North 

 America. 



PRASIUM, in botany, a genus of the 

 Didynamia Gymnospermia class and or- 

 der. Natural order of Verticillatae. La- 

 biate, Jussieu. Essential character : ber- 

 ries four, one-seeded. There are two 

 species, viz. P. majus, great Spanish 

 hedge-nettle, and P. minus, small Spa- 

 nish hedge-nettle. 



