QUA 



QUA 



though still numerous enough, will be 

 considerably lessened in number, by 

 throwing out of it the frog, lizard, and 

 other four-footed amphibious animals. 

 See AMPHIBIA. On the other hand, it 

 will be increased by the admission of the 

 bat ; which, from its having the forefeet 

 webbed with a membrane, and using 

 them as birds do their wings in flying, 

 has erroneously been ranked among the 

 bird kind. Linnaeus, whose system we 

 have generally followed, subdivides .the 

 quadruped class into six orders, which he 

 characterizes from the number, figure, 

 and disposition of .their teeth. See 

 MAMMALIA, and NATURAL HISTORY. 



QUADRUPLE, a sum or number mul- 

 tiplied by four, or taken four times. This 

 word is particularly used for a gold coin 

 worth four times as much as that whereof 

 it is the quadruple. 



QUALEA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Monandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Essential character: calyx four-parted; 

 corolla two-petalled ; berry. There are 

 two species, viz. Q. rosea, and Q. coerulea. 

 These are both tall trees, growing natu- 

 rally in the forests of Guiana. 

 QUAKERS. See FRIENDS. 

 QUAKERS, by statute 7 and 8 Wil. III. 

 cap. 27, and 8 George I. cap. 6, making 

 and subscribing the declaration of fideli- 

 ty, mentioned in 1 William and Mary, 

 shall not be liable to the penalty against 

 others refusing to take such oaths ; and 

 not subscribing the declaration of fidelity, 

 &c. they are disabled to vote at the elec- 

 tion of members of parliament. By 7 and 

 8 William III. cap. 34, made perpetual by 

 1 George I. cap. 6, quakers, where an 

 oath is required, are permitted to make a 

 solemn affirmation or declaration of the 

 truth of any fact ; but they are not capa- 

 ble of being witnesses in any criminal 

 cause, serving on juries, or bearing any 

 office or place of profit under govern- 

 ment, unless they are sworn like other 

 protestants ; but this clause does not ex- 

 tend to the freedom of a corporation. By 

 statute 22 George II. cap. 46, an affirma- 

 tion shall be allowed in all cases (except 

 criminal) where by any act of parliament 

 an oath is required, though no provision 

 is made for admitting a quaker to make 

 his affirmation. 



QUALITY, is defined by Mr. Locke, to 

 be the power in a subject of producing 

 any idea in the mind : thus a snow-ball 

 having the power to produce in us the 

 ideas of white, cold, and round, these 

 powers, as they are in the snow-ball, he 

 calls qualities ; and as they are sensations. 

 VOL. V. 



or perceptions, in our understandings, he 

 calls ideas. It has been demonstrated 

 that every quality that is propagated from 

 a centre, such as light, heat, cold, odour, 

 &c. has its intensity either increased or 

 decreased, in the duplicate ratio of the 

 distances from the centre inversely. So 

 at double the distance from the earth's 

 centre ; or from a luminous, or a hot bo- 

 dy, the weight, or light, or heat, is but a 

 fourth part, and at three times the dis- 

 tance, it is but a ninth, &c. The great Sir 

 Isaac Newton has laid it down as one of 

 the rules of philosophizing, that those 

 qualities which are incapable of being in- 

 creased or diminished, and which are 

 found to obtain in all bodies upon which 

 experiments could be tried, are to be 

 esteemed universal qualities of all bo- 

 dies. 



QUAMDIU se bene gesserit, as long as 

 he shall behave himself well in his office, 

 is a clause frequently inserted in letters 

 patent of offices, and is inserted in the 

 patent by which the judges are appoint- 

 ed. 



QUANTITY, any thing capable of es- 

 timation, or mensuration ; or which, being 

 compared with another thing of the same 

 kind, may be said to be greater or less 

 than it, equal or unequal to it. Mathema- 

 tics is the science or doctrine of quantity, 

 which being made up of parts, is capable 

 of being made greater or less. It is in- 

 creased by addition, and diminished by 

 subtraction ; which are therefore the two 

 primary operations that relate to quanti- 

 ty. Hence it is that any quantity may be 

 supposed to enter into algebraic compu- 

 tations two different ways, which have 

 contrary effects, viz. either as an incre- 

 ment or as a decrement. 



A quantity that is to be added, is called 

 a positive quantity ; and a quantity to be 

 subtracted, is said to be negative. Quan- 

 tities are said to be like or similar, that 

 are of the same denomination, they are 

 represented by the same letter or letters, 

 equally repeated : but quantities of differ- 

 ent denominations, or represented by a 

 different letter or letters, are said to be 

 unlike or dissimilar. A quantity consist- 

 ing of more than one term is called a 

 compound quantity ; whereas that con- 

 sisting of one term only is denominated a 

 simple quantity. 



The quantity of matter in any body, is 

 the product of its density into its bulk ; 

 or a quantity arising from the joint consi- 

 deration of its magnitude and density ; as 

 if a body be twice as dense, and take up 

 twice as much space as another, it will be 

 3 X 



