REL 



REM 



which, by the operation of the stalute 

 of uses, conveys the whole tee. This 

 is culled a conveyance by lease and re- 

 lease 



RliLHANIA, in botany, so named in 

 honour of the Rev. Richard Relhan, a ge- 

 nus of the Syngenesis Polygamia Super- 

 flua class and order. Natural order of 

 Composite Di-coidea:. Essential charac- 

 ter : calyx imbricate, scuriuse; corollets 

 of the ray very many ; pappus membrana- 

 ceous, cylindrical, short ; receptacle chaf- 

 fy. There are sixteen species, all natives 

 of the Cape of Good Hope. 



RELIEF, a certain sum of money 

 which the tenant holding by knight's ser- 

 vice, grand serjeantry, or other tenure, 

 for which homage or legal service is due, 

 and being at fuU age at the death of his 

 ancestor, formerly paid to his lord at his 

 entrance. 



RELIEVO, or RELIEF, in sculpture, 

 &c. is the projecture or standing out of a 

 figure, which arises prominent from the 

 ground or plan on which it is formed; 

 Whether that iigure be cut with the chis- 

 sel, moulded, or cast. 



There are three kinds or degrees of 

 relievo, viz. alto, basso, and demi-relievo. 

 The alto relievo, called also haut-relief, or 

 high rehevo, is when the figure is formed 

 afier nature, and projects as much as the 

 life. Basso-relievo, bass-relief, or low- 

 relievo, is when the work is raised but a 

 little from the ground, as in medals, and 

 the frontispieces of buildings, and parti- 

 cularly in the histories, festoons, foliages, 

 and other ornaments of friezes. Demi- 

 relievo is when one half of the figure rises 

 from the plan. When, in a basso-relievo, 

 there are parts that stand clear out, de- 

 tached from the rest, the work is called 

 a demi-basso. In architecture, the relie- 

 vo or projecture of the ornaments, ought 

 always to be proportioned to the magni- 

 tude of the building it adorns, and to the 

 distance at which it is to be viewed. 



RELIEVO, or RELIEF, in painting, is 

 the degree of boldness with which the 

 figures seem, at a due distance, to stand 

 out from the ground of the painting. 

 The relievo depends much upon the 

 depth of the shadow, and the strength of 

 the light ; or on the height of the differ- 

 ent colours, bordering on one another ; 

 and particularly on the difference of the co- 

 lour of the figure from that of the ground. 

 Thus, when the light is so disposed as to 

 make the nearest parts of the figure ad- 

 vance, and is well diffused on the masses, 

 yet insensibly diminishing, and terminating 

 in a large spacious shadow, brought off 



insensibly, the relievo is said to be bold, 

 and tht- clair-obscure well understood. 



RELIGION, seditious words, in dero- 

 gation of the established religion, are in- 

 dictable, as tending to a breach of the 

 peace. 



REMAINDER, in law, is an estate li- 

 mited in lands, tenements, or rents, to be 

 enjoyed after the expiration of another 

 particular estate. As if a man seized in 

 fee-simple grant lands to one for twenty 

 years, and, after the determination of the 

 said term, then to another, and his heirs 

 for ever; here the former is tenant for 

 years, remainder to the latter in fee. 

 Both interests are, in fact, only one es- 

 tate : the present term of years, and the 

 remainder afterwards, when added toge- 

 ther, being equal only to one estate in fee. 

 When a remainder is limited in a will, it 

 is sometimes called an executory devise. 

 This is not strictly a remainder, but 

 something in nature of a remainder, 

 which, though informal and bad, as such, 

 is held good as an executory devise. 

 The doctrine of remainders is very ab- 

 struse, chiefly from the difficulty of 

 ascertaining from the form of the deed 

 or will by which it is created, whe- 

 ther or not the remainder is contin- 

 gent, and liable to be defeated. Where 

 a remainder is limited after an estate tail, 

 the tenant in tail can at all times, by suf- 

 fering a recovery, defeat the remainder, 

 and get possession of the fee. This is 

 called docking the entail, and it is allow- 

 ed for the purpose of preventing limita- 

 tions in perpetuity. For, otherwise, men 

 of large landed estates would be enabled 

 to tie up the inheritance so strictly by 

 will, that in a few years all the landed 

 property in the kingdom would be vested 

 for ever in certain families, and that cir- 

 culation of wealth, which is the great spur 

 to industry, would be wholly at an 

 end. Hence would be introduced all 

 the inconvenience of a system of casts 

 similar to those in the East Indies, 

 and in a short time there would be no 

 change in the com se of inheritances, ex- 

 cept upon forfeitures for felony, or high 

 treason, which would rarely occur. Or, 

 perhaps, the consequence would be, that 

 the inheritance of females not being for- 

 bidden, the land would be so subdivided 

 by different descents to coheiresses, that 

 there would be no large estates in the 

 country. This sufficiently evinces the 

 wisdom of the law, which prevents be- 

 quests in perpetuity, and we have thought 

 it better to notice this in a popular work, 

 than to explain at length a term of art. 



