IIUL 



RUM 



foot, measure it on the line of foot-mea- 

 sure , and see what decimal part of afoot 

 it makes, which you will find .75. Set 12, 

 therefore, on the girt line, to 75 on the 

 first radius of the line C, and against 35 

 on the girt-line is 64 feet on C, for the 

 content. 2. To measure round timber 

 the true way. The former method, 

 though that generally in use, is not quite 

 just. To measure timber accurately, in- 

 stead of the point 12 on the girt-line, use 

 Hnother, viz- 10.635; at which there 

 should be placed a centre-pin. This 

 10.635 is the side of a square equal to a 

 circle, whose diameter is 12 inches. For 

 an instance: suppose the length 15 feel, 

 and $ of the girt 42 inches, set the point 

 10.635 to 15, the length ; then against 42 

 on the girt-line is 233 feet for the con- 

 tent sought ; whereas by the common 

 way, there arises only 184 feet. In effect, 

 the common measure is only to the true 

 measure, as 11 to 14. 3. To measure a 

 cube. Suppose the sides to be 6 feet 

 each ; set 12 on the girt-line D, to 6 on C ; 

 then against 72 inches (the inches 6 feet) 

 on the girt-ane, is 216 feet on 0, which is 

 the ontent required. 4. To measure 

 unequally squared timber ; that is, where 

 the breadth and depth are not equal. 

 Measure the length of the piece, and the 

 depth (at the end) in inches : then find a 

 mean proportional between the breadth 

 and depth of the piece. This mean pro- 

 portional is the side of a square, equal to 

 the end of the piece ; which found, the 

 piece may be measured as square timber. 

 For an instance : let the length of the 

 piece of timber be 13 feet, the breadth 

 23 inches, and the depth 13 inches ; set 

 23 on the girt-line D, to 23 on C ; then 

 against 13 on C is 17.35 on the girt-line 

 D, for the mean proportional. Again, 

 setting 12 on the girt-line D, to 13 feet, 

 the length of the line C ; against 17.35 on 

 the girt-line is 27 feet, the content. 5. 

 To measure taper timber. The length 

 being measured in feet, note one-third 

 of it ; which is found thus : set 3 on the 

 line A, to the length on the line B ; then 

 against 1 on A is the third part on B : 

 then, if the solid be round, measure the 

 diameter at each end in inches, and sub- 

 tract the less diameter from the greater; 

 add half the difference to the less diame- 

 ter ; the sum is the diameter in the mid- 

 dle of the piece. Then set 13.54 on the 

 girt to the length of the line C, and 

 against the^diamrter in the middle on the 

 girt-line is a fourth number on the line 

 C. Again, set 13.54 on the girt-line to 

 .the third part of the length on the line 



C ; then against half the difference on the 

 girt-line is another fourth number on the 

 line C ; these two fourth numbers, added 

 together, give the content. For an in- 

 stance : let the length be 27 feet (one 

 third whereof is 9) the greater diameter 

 22 inches, and the lesser 18 ; the sum of 

 the two will be 40, their difference 4, and 

 half the difference 2, which, added to the 

 less diameter, gives 20 inches for the di- 

 ameter in the middle of the piece. Now 

 set 13.54 on the girt-line to 27 on the 

 line C, and against 20 on D is 58.9 feet. 

 Again, set 13.44 of the girt-line to 9 on 

 the line C ; and against 2 on the girt-line 

 (represented by 20) is .196 parts ; there- 

 fore, by adding 58.9 feet to .196 feet, the 

 sum is 59.096 feet, the content. 



If the timber be square, and have the 

 same dimensions : that is, the length 27 

 feet, the side of the greater end 22 inch- 

 es, and that of the lesser 13 inches; to 

 find the content, set 12 on the girt-line to 

 27, the length on the line C, and against 

 20 inches, the side of the mean square on 

 the girt line is 75.4 feet. Again, set 12 

 on the girt-line to 9 feet, one third of the 

 length, on the line C, and against 2 inch- 

 es, half the difference of the sides of the 

 squares of the ends on the girt-line is .25 

 parts of a foot ; both together make 75.65 

 feet, the content of the solid. 



The girt or circumference of a tree, or 

 round piece of timber, given ; to find the 

 side of the square within, or the number 

 of inches of a side, when the round tim- 

 ber is squared. Set 10 on A to 9 on B, 

 then against the girt on A are the inches 

 for the side of a square on the line B. 



RUM, a species of vinous spirit, dis- 

 tilled from sugar canes. 



RUMEN, in comparative anatomy, the 

 paunch, or first stomach, of such animals 

 as chew the cud, thence called ruminant 

 animals. The rumen is by far the largest 

 of all the stomachs, and in it the whole 

 mass of crude aliments, both solid and li- 

 quid, lies and macerates, to be thence 

 transmitted to the mouth, to be again 

 chewed, comminuted, and fitted for fur- 

 ther digestion in the other ventricles. 



The ruminant animals, Mr. Ray ob- 

 serves, are all hairy quadrupeds, vivipa- 

 rous, and have four stomachs ; they also 

 want the denies primores, or broad teeth 

 in the fore-part of the upper jaw, and are 

 furnished with that kind of fat called suet, 

 sebum. 



RUMEX, in botany, dock, a genus of 

 the Hexandria Trigynia class and order. 

 Natural order of Holoraceae. Polygone^ 

 Jussieu. Essential character : calyx three- 



