Xll CONTENTS. 



SECTION PAGE 



144. Heading Back Old Apple- and Pear-trees 130 



145. Training Dwarf Apple- and Pear-trees 131 



146. Pruning for Cordon-training 131 



147. Pruning to Shape Trees 133 



148. Pruning the Cherry and Plum. 133 



149. Pruning the Peach and Apricot , 134 



150. Pruning the Orange 137 



151. Pruning the Quince 137 



152. Pruning and Shaping Shrubs 137 



13. Pruning and Shaping Evergreens 139 



154. Pruning Ornamental Hedges and Screens 139 



CHAPTER XII. 



SPRAYING FOR INSECTS AND FUNGI. 



155. Evolution of Spraying. 141 



156. Spraying for Codling-moth 145 



157. Curculio of the Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, and Peach... . 147 



158. Spraying for the Bark and Leaf Aphis. . . . 148 



159. Leaf Aphis of Apple, Plum, Cherry, and Peach 150 



160. Spraying for Scale Aphis 150 



161. Some Miscellaneous Insects 152 



162. Spraying for Fungous Diseases 153 



163. Apple aud Pear Scab 154 



164. Brown Rot of the Stone Fruits 155 



165. Fungi of the Grape and Small Fruits 156 



CHAPTER XIII. 



THE APPLE, PEAR, AND QUINCE. 



166. Origin of the Cultivated Apples 159 



167. Our Native Crab-apple 162 



168. Dwarf Apple-trees 164 



169. Propagation of the Apple. 164 



170. Apple-planting and Management 165 



171. Varied Seasons and Behavior of Varieties 165 



172. History aud Some of the Races of the Pear 167 



173. Dwarf Pears 170 



174. Propagation of the Pear 171 



