CONTENTS. XI 



118. Distance Apart of Apple- and Pear-trees 107 



114. Double Planting of Orchards 107 



115. Distance Apart of Peach, Plum, and Cherry 108 



116. Planning and Staking the Orchard Site 109 



117. Fall or Spring Planting 110 



118. Young Trees Best for Planting 110 



119. Securing and Caring for Nursery Trees Ill 



120. Proper Depth to Plant Trees 112 



121. Pruning Tops and Roots Before Planting or Heeling In. ... 112 



122. Alternating Varieties in the Rows 113 



123. Planting and Watering Trees 114 



124. Transplanting Evergreens 114 



CHAPTER X. 



ORCHARD MANAGEMENT. 



125. Culture After Planting 116 



126. Shading Orchard Soils 116 



127. Cover-crops and Blight 118 



128. Do Cover-crops Dry the Soil ? 119 



129. Protection from Mice and Rabbits 119 



130. Stem-borers 120 



131. The Tent Caterpillar 121 



132. Orchard Fertilization 121 



133. Low Hedges for Shelter-belts 121 



134. Marketing Summer Ripening Fruits 122 



135. Picking and Handling Fall and Early Winter Apples 123 



136. Picking and Handling Winter Apples 124 



137. Earth-covered Cave for Apple Storage 124 



138. Tile-draining of Orchards. 125 



139. Fruit-growing Neighborhoods 126 



CHAPTER XI. 



PRUNING OF TREES AND ORNAMENTALS. 



140. Need of Pruning , .... 127 



141. Pruning in Nursery 127 



142. Proper Time for Pruning in Nursery and Young Orchard. . 128 



143. Pruning Young Apple and Pear Orchards 128 



