X CONTENTS. 



SECTION PAGB 



82. Short Roots and Long Scions 76 



83. Grafting-wax for varied Uses 77 



84. Root-grafting the Apple 78 



85. Packing Away the Grafts 79 



86. Crown-grafting Pear, Plum, and Cherry 80 



87. Trenching for Graft-planting 82 



68. Top-grafting 84 



89. Top- working the Apple 85 



90. Top- working Old Trees 85 



91. Top-grafting Cherry and Plum 86 



92. Top-working in the Cellar 89 



93. Scions to Save Girdled Trees 89 



94. Bark-grafting 91 



95. Soft-tissue Grafting 91 



CHAPTER VIII. 



SOME LEADING PRINCIPLES OP FRUIT-GROWING AND 

 DEVELOPMENT. 



96. Selection of Soil and Subsoil 93 



97. Air-drainage 93 



98. North and South Slopes 94 



99. Orchard Protection 95 



100. Retarding Fruit Blossoms . . 96 



101. Washing of Orchard Soils 97 



102. Variety Modification ." 99 



103. Crossing and Hybridizing 100 



104. Advance Planning of the Work . 100 



105. Nearly Allied Crossing 101 



106. Violent Crosses 102 



107. Gathering Pollen in Advance 103 



108. Preparing and Pollinating Flowers 103 



109. When and How to Apply Pollen 104 



110. Speedy Testing of the Crosses and Hybrids 105 



CHAPTER IX. 



TRANSPLANTING FRUITS AND ORNAMENTALS. 



111. Transplanting 106 



112. Width of Spaces Between Orchard Trees 106 



