THE AMERICAN GRAPES. 247 



escaped the fungous disease that baffled the scientists as to 

 its identity. In the few cases where grape-growers have 

 adopted the high-arm system of the Chautauqua belt (Fig. 

 73), the stem and arms have with the vinifera varieties 

 grown large, but the surface for starting new growth is 

 much larger and the side growth on the lower wire has 

 relieved the sap pressure and given more fruit less subject 

 to rot and sun scalding than with the old short-spur stub 

 system. 



236. Other Systems of Pruning, The fan renewal sys- 

 tem adopted in parts of the Union is much like the 

 diagonal-training plan of the prairie States, except that in 

 this system the canes are trained in both directions on 

 the wire, as shown in Fig. 75. What is known as the 

 Thomery system is shown at Fig. 76. This is not as com- 



FIG. 75. Two-year-old vine pruned on the fan system. 



plicated in practice as it appears. It is useful in home 

 grounds where space is limited, where a single row can be 

 started in a sunny situation. It is really the laying-down 

 plan (232) two stories in height. The vines are planted 

 eight feet apart and every alternate one is run up to the 

 top wires, while the intermediate vines fruit on the lower 

 trellis. In this double-decked plan the spurs will soon get 

 too high if every shoot that starts from the lower side of 



