324 HORTICULTURAL MAXUAL. 



large shrubs at the outer irregular edges. Fig. 89, from 

 Maynard's excellent work, gives .an idea of this irregular 

 yet natural system of grouping. 



305, Transplanting Trees and Shrubs. Chapter IX of 

 this volume gives some of the essentials of transplanting of 

 fruits and ornamentals in connection with nursery-grown 

 trees. It also discusses the relative success of fall and 

 spring planting (117). In lawn and park planting, as 

 well as in planting street trees for shade, it is quite general 

 in most localities to procure them from the timber. 

 Nursery-grown ornamental and shade trees are given a 

 better root system by transplanting in nursery when young 

 or by cutting the tap-roots with a spade or tree-digger, run 

 under them. The young forest trees have deep, extending 

 roots, with relatively few fibrous surface roots that are 

 obtainable in digging. But with needed care in digging, 

 with proper depth and spread of roots, trees of medium 

 size can be safely planted in the spring when the buds are 

 beginning to swell. 



If larger trees are wanted for certain positions it will 

 prove most profitable to move them in the winter. A 

 trench not less than three feet deep is dug around the 

 trees, extending under at the base and including a ball of 

 earth not less than three feet in diameter, late in the 

 fall. Before the ground freezes the holes are also dug for 

 the reception of the trees and filled with straw or coarse 

 manure. When the balls in which the roots are encased 

 are frozen hard, the use of a lever loosens them, when 

 they are lifted with block and tackle on trucks or sleds 

 and drawn to their new position. 



The usual belief seems to be that the transplanting of 

 trees with stems two to three inches in diameter is very 

 expensive work. But the digging is not skilled labor, and 

 an improvised derrick, block and tackle, and a sliding 



