44 HORTICULTURAL MANUAL. 



planting or planting by the roadside. Nearly or quite all 

 of the roadside cherry-, plum-, and apple-trees of Germany 

 and Eussia are grown from suckers. A main difficulty in 

 the United States is that our fruit-trees are not on their 

 own roots as a rule, yet a larger proportion of our crown- 

 grafted stone fruits have rooted from the scion than is 

 usually suspected, where planted moderately deep on dry 

 soil. This is specially true of the cherry crown-grafted 

 on mazzard and set down to the top bud of the scion in 

 nursery and still deeper in orchard. A comparison of the 

 bud and leaf of the sprouts and branches of the tree will 

 soon tell the story. The plum, also root-grafted and set 

 deep in nursery and deeper in orchard, is soon on own 

 roots. 



The ornamental trees and shrubs that sprout from the 

 crown, like the juneberry and flowering almond, will also 

 form roots in nursery if taken off with care close to the 

 crown of the parent. They will also take root if mounded 

 for one year before taking up. 



50. Propagation by Root-cuttings. All fruits, orna- 

 mental trees, and shrubs that will sprout from the surface- 

 roots naturally or by wounding with plow or spade will 

 grow from root-cuttings. Indeed, some trees not known 

 to sucker, such as the hackborry, have been found to grow 

 readily from properly kopt root-cuttings. 



The cuttings are made four inches long late in autumn 

 and packed away in boxes, mingled with sand, which are 

 kept over winter in the cellar. In planting in early spring 

 the advice is usually given to cut the roots shorter and 

 plant horizontally in shallow trenches ; but this applies 

 to root-cuttings in cold frames, or with bottom heat. In 

 planting in the open air long experience has shown the 

 best results and most even stand from planting in a 

 shallow trench with one sloping side, as shown in Fig. 15, 



