TRANSPLANTING FRUITS AND ORNAMENTALS. 109 



rows of not less than twenty feet. This plan gives the 

 needed circulation between the rows and shades the stems 

 and main limbs from the noonday sun in summer and to 

 a great extent in winter. The spacing of other orchard 

 fruits and the small fruits are given in connection with 

 their discussion on future pages. 



116. Planning and Staking the Orchard Site. A little 

 advance work in the way of setting a small stake where 

 each tree is to stand will save much time and give straight 

 rows in all directions. Prepare at a leisure time as many 

 small stakes as there are trees to plant. The small stakes 

 or pins can be split from sections of inch-board about 

 fifteen inches long. Also secure, by purchase or borrow- 

 ing, a surveyor's steel tape four rods long. With this 

 chain set stakes that can be seen four rods apart across the 

 orchard in a straight line by sighting. These sight-stakes 

 can be set for all the rows at the same time. By stretch- 

 ing the steel tape from one stake to another the small 

 stakes where the trees are to be set are stuck at proper 

 distances apart as indicated by figures on the tape. To 

 make quick work it is best to tie red yarn on the tape at 

 the figures, giving equal spacing. When all the small 

 stakes representing the trees are stuck, what is known as 

 the " planting-board," as rep- 

 resented by Fig. 56, comes [ p *1 



into use. The centre notch 



. ,, , j T j -i FIG. 56. Planting-board. 



in the board is placed around 



the little stake and wooden pins are stuck through the 

 holes at the ends. These pins remain in place as the 

 board is taken forward until the work is completed. The 

 board should not be less than nine feet long and the 

 central notch should be exactly equidistant from the holes 

 in the ends. When the holes are dug the stakes are taken 

 up, but the pins remain as a guide in replacing the board 



