PRUNING OF TREES AND ORNAMENTALS. 131 



water-sprouts that start in the interior, and the trees may 

 be said to be rejuvenated. During the period of cutting 

 back little fruit will be gathered, but the bearing stage is 

 soon renewed with increased size and perfection of fruit 

 and the longevity and profit of the trees are much 

 increased. 



145. Training Dwarf Apple- and Pear-trees. The use of 

 dwarf apple- and pear-trees is becoming more general in 

 nearly all parts of the States. Apple on Paradise roots 

 and pear on quince are now popular for amateur use, and 

 even market, in sections v/here the roots are not liable to 

 be injured by winter. In the prairie States apple-trees 

 budded on Pyrus Toringo and plum on sand-cherry (71) 

 stocks are coming into use, but as yet we have no dwarfing 

 stock hardy enough for the pear. 



The dwarf apple- or pear-tree as received from the 

 nursery is usually given a rounded top secured by nursery 

 pruning. Such trees are formed by heading back the 

 one-year-old shoot about one foot from the ground and 

 forming a rounded head by after-pruning. But if an 

 approach to this form is kept up in orchard, continued 

 attention must be given to pinching and heading back. 

 Even the dwarf pear without the annual shortening of the 

 new growth will soon reach undue proportions for a dwarf, 

 even if it does not root from the scion when planted quite 

 deeply.' 



146. Pruning for Cordon-training. As the years go on 

 apple-, pear-, cherry-, and plum-trees, trained as shown in 

 Fig. 59, will become as common in this country as in 

 Europe. It is known as simple cordon-training, and with 

 dwarf apples and pears, and small growing varieties of the 

 plum and Morello cherries, it is about as simple and easy 

 as growing grapes on a wired trellis. At first those 

 unacquainted with the system will say that it is an 



