232 HORTICULTURAL MANUAL. 



wood. These root more rapidly from single-eye cuttings 

 than those from ripe wood, but they rarely make healthy, 

 strong plants. Some really valuable new grapes have 

 made a bad reputation by being propagated at first from 

 green wood cuttings. 



226. Grafting the Grape. Grafting the grape is mainly 

 confined during recent years to the parts of Europe and 

 California where the varieties of the European species 

 ( Vitis viniferd) are grown. The destruction of vineyards 

 by the phylloxera became a national calamity in France, 

 and soon extended to Germany and the Pacific slope of the 

 United States. After testing hundreds of plans for the 

 destruction of this tiny insect, it was found that grafting 

 the European varieties and their hybrids on stocks of our 

 wild species ( Vitis riparia) gave the best success, as this 

 stock is less injured by this destructive louse. In the 

 States east of the mountains it is also found beneficial to 

 graft such hybrid varieties as Brighton, Salem, Lindley, 

 and Wilder on phylloxera-resisting stocks. In some sec- 

 tions the Delaware also succeeds far better worked on Vitis 

 riparia stocks. 



227. Some Modes of Grafting the Grape. Where young 

 seedling stocks are used of our wild species, one of the 

 surest and easiest methods is sliown at Fig. 65. The earth 

 is scraped away from the crown of the stock and the top 

 of the cut-off crown is sloped upward as in whip-grafting 

 (84). In this slope a gash is cut as in whip-grafting, 

 taking care not to split the stock. The scion has a wedge 

 tongue, as shown in Fig. 65, with a part of the lower end 

 stuck in the soil. No waxing is needed, but the soil is 

 banked up to the top bud of the scion. This grafting is 

 done before the sap starts in the spring. 



As the lower end of the scion takes root it must be cut 



