THE AMERICAN GRAPES. 241 



wood. In laying the cane down for covering, some earth 

 is removed from the crown, as an aid to the careful bend- 

 ing of the cane, as low down as possible. 



The third season, about the time the buds begin to start, 

 take up the cane and tie to the lower wire, as shown in 

 Fig. 69. 



FIG. 69. Vine in spring of third season. 



During the third summer laterals are started upward, 

 as shown in Fig. 70, which is effected by some pinching 

 of surplus shoots. When the laterals reach the top wire 

 they are pinched back. This pinching of the terminals 

 favors the formation of fruit-buds near the main cane. In 

 the fall of the third year cut back the upright shoots, as 

 shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 70. The terminal cane 

 is not dotted for cutting, as it is left entire for the exten- 

 sion of the cane on the lower wire, as shown in Fig. 71, 

 when tied up the fourth spring. Usually with this system 

 the vines give some fruit the third season. 



The fourth spring shoots spring up from the spurs, 



