THE APPLE. 193 



University (Duchess No. 103). Originated about 1882 from seed 

 of Duchess by C. G. Patten, Charles City, Iowa. 



Fruit large, oblate, very regular; surface a clear yellow with 

 orange yellow on sunny side ; dots minute, white, some distinct russet 

 dots with white bases; cavity wide, deep, obtuse, regular; stem 

 short to medium; basin very wide and shallow, with irregular promi- 

 nences around the eye; calyx open; segments flat convergent. Core 

 partially open, clasping; cells round, widely slit; tube funnel-shaped; 

 stamens marginal; seeds not many, plump; flesh yellow with some 

 yellow veinings, pleasant subacid, very good. Late fall. 



Utter (Utter Red). Origin, Wisconsin. Much grown in Wisconsin 

 and other parts of the West. The fruit is remarkable for the 

 decided variation shown in specimens from different parts of the 

 tree. Some exhibitors at fruit displays sometimes take advantage 

 of this fact to increase their number of " varieties." 



Fruit above medium to large, the typical form is roundish oblate 

 (sometimes roundish, somewhat elongated, angular, and flattened at 

 ends) ; surface yellow, splashed, mottled, striped, and much dotted 

 with light red (from interior of tree sometimes only a clear waxen 

 pale yellow) ; dots white, minute, many, a few small russet dots; cav- 

 ity regular, deep, usually with trace of russet; stem medium; basin 

 rather shallow, wavy, or ribbed; calyx closed; segments very small, 

 divergent. Core open or closed, clasping; cells obovate, slit; tube 

 funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds not many, very large and 

 plump; flesh white, fine-grained, tender, juicy, mild, pleasant sub- 

 acid, good. November, December. 



Vandevere. An old variety, originated at Wilmington, Delaware; 

 distinct from Vandevere Pippin grown at the West. 



Fruit medium, oblate; surface waxen yellow, striped with red; 

 dots numerous, green; cavity deep; stem about one inch long; 

 basin round, moderate; calyx small, closed; flesh yellowish, com- 

 pact, but tender, with a fine, rich, subacid flavor, good, valuable 

 for culinary use. October to January. 



Vandevere Pippin. Origin unknown, supposed to have been 

 Pennsylvania, but this is not well established; popular in parts of the 

 West; tree very vigorous, large, spreading; abundant annual bearer. 



Fruit large to very large, oblate, remotely conic, regular; surface 

 yellowish green, striped, marbled, and blotched with red, with bright 

 red stripes on sunny side; dots large, rough, yellow and brown russet, 



