456 THE SALMON FLY. 



novice a sight at ones relishing, causes a wash, deepens the gravel behind it (as in 

 the case of the Box), into which hole the stone will eventually bed itself, and 

 never move again. Should the Box fail to meet one's expectations, it can be 

 removed ; but this could hardly bs the result in such places with even the most 

 moderate luck. If it should prove effective, several other Boxes might be put 

 below it at intervals of fifty yards, or thereabouts. A constant and watchful 

 oversight of these Boxes is needed in flood time ; for, the encroachment of trees 

 and whatnot th very presence of which will tear the whole thing away must 

 be cleared. 



" Garreting, as I have hinted, is a dangerous experiment, and has been known 

 to do immense damage to the river and its banks. It is to be hoped that no 

 delusions may be entertained on that head. Nature, nevertheless, occasionally 

 furnishes a corner as suitable for Garrets as a reach for Boxes. Still, these places 

 should be studied diligently by thoroughly practical men, and all the work deter- 

 mined upon executed under their control. The great thing to look out for is an 

 immense boulder weighing about two tons, to which an outer post can be fixed if 

 necessary. If, however, this boulder is of suitable shape, or even made suitable, 

 it can be bored for bolts, in which case the post is not wanted. The next item of 

 importance at places where the current flows rapidly consists of a few other well- 

 bedded boulders of long standing lying within a few yards up-stream. They 

 protect the garret, and, it should be added, are imperative agents where the river 

 has a very sharp descent. For boring such a boulder, which makes the Garret 

 unique of its kind, a quarryman's boring-mall and a couple of jumpers serve the 

 purpose well. The mall, by which name it is commonly known, is merely an iron 

 hammer of about 7 Ib. in weight, having a handle 7 in. long. A jumper is a sort 

 of cold chisel ; one should be 18 in. in length, the other 9 in., and both at least 

 l^in. in diameter. In boring, the jumper is slightly turned about by the hand 

 holding it with every stroke of the hammer. Only by this means can the hole be 

 cut round. In ten minutes a hole an inch deep can thus be made even into a 

 mongrel stone, and then it is best for the jumper to carry a shangie. This is made 

 of straw, or, say, a dozen stalks of long, coarse grass, first twisted into rope fashion, 

 and then coiled twice round the juniper, carefully taken off, and itself tied in and 

 out with string. When pruned, this shangie serves as a sort of collar. Put at 

 the mouth of the hole, for the jumper to pass through when working, it answers a 

 double purpose. In the first place, it can be dipped into water to keep the stone wet 

 and the tool cool, in which case the operation of boring is facilitated ; and in the second 

 place, the powdered stone, instead of nearly blinding you, sticks to the jumper, 

 and is withdrawn as the work progresses. It is a mongrel (six yards from the 

 bank) to which the two horizontal supports put here for the front paling are 

 bolted. The water running fast, the angle is made extra sharp. The two larch 

 poles fixed to carry the paling are 8 yards long and 1 2 in. in diameter at the centre 

 portion of them. They are made fast to a tree, or may be a strong post in the 



