THE WORLD REVOLUTION 81 



forces of civilization. This instinct expressed itself 

 quite clearly in syndicalism in two forms. In one 

 form it urged the programme of a determined propa- 

 ganda, addressed to labour by the more moderate 

 leaders, urging the workers to obtain command of 

 military force by acquiring as rapidly as possible poli- 

 tical control in all the parliaments of the world which 

 vote supplies for the armed forces of nations. In the 

 other form the programme became, in the hands of 

 the more extreme leaders, a propaganda addressed 

 direct to the soldiers of the nations as the ultimate 

 units of a civilization in which armies could be turned 

 against labour in the last arbitrament of war. 



In both these positions the leaders of the extreme 

 wing of labour had come in sight of the situation 

 which was already actually being discussed by the 

 leaders of militarism in the military textbooks of 

 Germany. For in these textbooks the masters of 

 force had foreseen and had anticipated the day 

 when, under universal conscription, the soldier him- 

 self having become the ultimate unit of civilization 

 would be subject to " all the tendencies which make 

 him the child of his time." l The disturbing effect 

 of such a propaganda as syndicalism contemplated 

 had indeed haunted the dreams of the masters of 



1 The German War Book (Kriegsbrauch im Landkriege), J. H. 

 Morgan's translation. 



