POSITION IN THE WEST 169 



nearly a century later in England when it deplores 

 the fact that the internal politics of the British 

 nation are becoming " battles rather than delibera- 

 tions, and that it has become in our time" the practice 

 of all minorities " to threaten to carry on every 

 controversy by violent and extra constitutional 

 means even when Parliament has decided against 

 them." 



Nor is there any essential change in the note of 

 all-pervading combativeness when the horizon of 

 that class-consciousness which expresses itself 

 externally and internally in nationalism extends 

 into organizations world- wide in their aims. The 

 principal opponents in Germany against whom the 

 extreme sentiments of the speech of the Emperor 

 William II at Potsdam, already quoted, were sup- 

 posed to be directed, were the socialists who followed 

 Karl Marx. But we have only to read with insight 

 to see that in the pages of Marx's Kapital, as in the 

 Emperor's addresses, the distinctive fact is that we 

 are in the presence of the same furious heredity of 

 the fight. It is only the conditions which have 

 changed. In Marx the national war has become the 

 social war, and the frontiers of Marx's Fatherland 

 have become extended to those of international 

 socialism. But we are still only in the presence 

 of the primitive Darwinian man whose heredity 



