66 



When inflammation is produced, there is a stagnation of blood 

 and a depression or change of its functions. When blood de- 

 termines to the head from mental exertion, and the extremities 

 become cold and livid, the circulation should be equalized by 

 friction and exercise. 



In congestion of any organ there is deficient functional en- 

 ergy and retarded circulation. This condition predisposes to 

 inflammation. It is always relieved by promoting the action of 

 the part affected. 



THE PLANTAR VEINS. 



GENERAL REMARKS UPON THE VEINS. 



Veins are superficial or deep-seated. 



Their inner coat is much more tough than the corresponding 

 coat of arteries. Veins anastomose more frequently with each 

 other than arteries. 



Veins accompany arteries in their course, the rule being that 

 large arteries have one vein accompanying them, the middle- 

 sized ones, two, and the smaller ones, seldom any. 



Like the arteries, the veins have three coats in their struc- 

 tural formation : 



i. An external one — fibro-cellular, delicate and loose out- 

 wardly, but having a firm attachment to the middle coat. 



2. A middle one, a combination of circular muscular and 

 of longitudinally elastic fibres, but of a much thinner sub- 

 stance, possessing, however, less contractile force and greater 

 strength than the corresponding coat of the arteries. 



3. An internal serous membrane, consisting of a basement 

 and an epithelial covering. 



Veins are more numerous than the arteries, and are more 

 superficially placed. 



No veins have been found in the interior of bones. As a 

 rule, veins have valves in their interior. Valves are rendered 

 necessary by the propelling force of the arteries having be- 

 come lost before the veins are reached. 



