WHITE SCOURS IN CALVES II 



blood infiltrations ; the capillary network of the peritoneum, 

 the omentum, the pleura and the pericardium is very much 

 injected. 



Nocard describes the lungs and articular lesions as follows : 



"The lungs are rarely entirely healthy ; most often they 

 present here and there little diffuse centers of catarrhal pneu- 

 monia, nodular broncho-pneumonia or only of atelectasis. The 

 lesions are much more constant, extensive and dense when the 

 animals have resisted longer ; they represent then the transi- 

 tion between the simple atelectasis of the beginning and the 

 suppurative lesion of lung disease." 



"Articular lesions, when they exist, are very interesting. 

 The periarticular tissues are infiltrated with 5'ellowish and 

 somewhat gelatinous liquid ; the .synovial serous membrane is 

 covered with a rich vascular injection, which seems to extend 

 to the borders of the cartilages of the articular surfaces ; the 

 culs-de-sac of the synovials are distended by a great quantity 

 of thick and limpid synovia, strongly yellow or reddish in 

 color, and in which more or less dense and abundant clots of 

 fibrinous exudate are floating. When the lesion is older, in- 

 stead of synovia, there are thick, dense, and firm fibrinous 

 exudates, which fill the culs-de-sac of the serous membrane 

 and are infiltrated between the articular surfaces. In these 

 cases the lesion resembles exactly those of peripneumonic 

 arthritis of suckling calves." 



He found a microorganism (pasteurellose) in the organs 

 and blood of the calves, with which he was able to produce 

 the disease. After convincing himself that he had found the 

 cause ,he sought for the source of infection which he found in 

 the umbilicus. He advances three suppo.sitions concerning the 

 time and mode of entrance : i. intra-uterine, 2. vaginal, 3. after 

 delivery when the calf drops on the ground or floor and when 

 the ruptured cord comes in contact with the fecal matter or dust 

 of the stable. The latter he beliefs to be the correct method. 

 His conclusion concerning infection after delivery may be 

 summarized in the following observation which he makes : 



"We have witnessed in a well kept farm a case of labor in 

 a cow. She was in an ordinary barn. Nothing had been pre- 



