FOWL CHOLERA 77 



4. HuEPPE. Ueber die Wildseuche. Berlin, klimsche IVochenschrift. 

 18S6. p. 753- 



5. KiTT. Ueber eine Experimentelle, der Rinderseuche ( Bollinger) 

 ahnliche Infektionskrankheit. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft fiir 

 Morphologic und Physiologie in Miinchen, I. 1885. p. 140. 



6. PioT. Le Barbone du Buffle. Bulletin d. I' Instil Egyptian. 1889. 



7. PoELS. Septische Pleuropneumonie der Kalber. Fortschr. d. 

 Med. 1 886. p. 38S. 



8. Wilson and Brimhall. Sixty cases of haemorrhagic septi- 

 caemia in cattle due to Bacillus bovisepticus. Report State Board of 

 Health of Minnesota. 1901. (Very full bibliography. ) 



FOWL CHOLERA. 



§63. Characterization. This is an infectious disease of 

 fowls caused by bacteria, and transmissable by cohabitation and 

 inoculation. It is determined by a high fever, great weakness 

 and prostration, and usually terminates in the death of the 

 affected bird. It is reported that it attacks all varieties of 

 domesticated poultry (chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, tur- 

 keys), and caged birds such as parrots and canaries. It also 

 attacks some species of wild birds. It is communicable by 

 inoculation to rabbits and mice. Guinea pigs are not verj- 

 susceptible. 



§ 64. History. This disease is mentioned in some of the 

 oldest works treating of the disease of animals. Fowl cholera 

 was studied by Chabert in 1782 who regarded it as a form of 

 anthrax. Since 1825, it has been frequently observed in 

 France where it caused enormous losses in 1830, in 1850 and 

 in i860. About 1830, it became known in Russia, Bohemia 

 and Austria. In 1851, Benjamin considered it to be a con- 

 tagious disease but remarked that people and dogs might con- 

 sume with impunity the meat of affected fowls. Delafond 

 observed that it might be transmitted to birds and rabbits by 

 using blood, secretions, and portions of the flesh. It was also 

 recognized that the excrement plays an important part in the 

 dissemination of the virus. 



During recent years it has been observed in nearlj^ all of 

 the countries of Europe as well as in the United States. It 

 has been reported from many places in the United States, but 



