-92 MORBID ANATOMY 



tissue, especially on tl;e mesentery, anterior cavity of the 

 mediastinum, and in the neighborhood of the kidneys, is often 

 infiltrated with a gelatinous substance. On this account the 

 neighboring lymph glands are considerably swollen, filled 

 with serum and sprinkled with hemorrhages. The internal 

 organs contain a large quantity of blood. All the larger veins 

 and the heart are filled with blood, while the surrounding 

 tissues show sanious imbibition. 



The spleen is considerably enlarged (two to five times its 

 normal size), either uniformly or by prominent tumors. The 

 pulp is soft, more or less fluid, and stained dark red. The 

 capsule of the spleen is always very tense and is frequently 

 -extravasated with blood. Sometimes small raised vesicles are 

 to be seen on its surface. 



The liver and kidneys are highly congested and somewhat 

 enlarged. The parenchyma contain areas of blood infiltration 

 and the cells themselves manifest various kinds of degenera- 

 tion. The portal lymph glands often appear enlarged, and the 

 retroperitoneal tissue may be infiltrated with a serous, gela- 

 tinous fluid. The subperitoneal tissue of the intestines and 

 of the abdominal walls may be similarly affected. 



The nature of the lesions of the intestinal canal varies 

 according as the disease is intestinal anthrax, or anthrax 

 caused by inoculation. In cases of inoculation-anthrax, the 

 intestine is frequently normal. In other cases there may be 

 submucous and subserous hemorrhages, or swelling of the 

 mesenteric glands. The principal changes in intestinal anthrax 

 are always found in the small intestine, chiefly in the duo- 

 denum, more rarely in the colon. In the milder cases of intes- 

 tinal anthrax the mucous membrane is affected, sometimes by 

 circumscribed, or diffuse swellings. The specific bacteria are 

 often found in very large numbers on the surface of the 

 mucous membrane. Necroses and ulcers appear in those parts 

 where the bacteria are most thickly congregated. In very severe 

 cases, the abomasum or the first stomachs .ii<fey be affected with 

 gelatinous and sanious infiltrations of the mucous membrane. 

 The mucosa of the abomasum, and especially of the duodenum, 

 is, in consequence of excessive hyperaemia, dark red or almost 



