MORBID ANATOMY I I9 



Diffuse glanders manifests itself as a diffuse catarrh of the 

 mucous membrane of the nasal and neighboring cavities with 

 superficial ulceration, thrombosis of the veins, inflammatory 

 infiltration of the submucosa, considerable thickening of the 

 mucous membrane and the formation of a peculiar, radiating 

 cicatrix. 



The nodular and infiltrated forms are found in the lungs. 



In the nodular form the lungs contain nodules* varying in 

 size from a millet seed to that of a pea. They are gray by 

 transmitted light, glassy and pearl gray by reflected light, and 

 are surrounded by a hemorrhagic ring. The center of the 

 nodules shows a pale yellow point in consequence of caseation 

 and disintegration of the innermost cells. These nodules are 

 of different sizes, of varying numbers, and of different ages. 

 The formation of a capsule by a connective tissue membrane is 

 induced by a reactive inflammation in the tissue surrounding 

 the nodule. The nodules ma}- be of an embolic origin, situ- 

 ated principally in the periphery of the lung, their structure 

 being the same as that of the nodules on the nasal mucosa. 

 Sometimes the lung nodules represent lobular pneumonic foci, in 

 which the alveoli are filled with red and white blood corpus- 

 cles and with desquamated epithelium of the lungs. Central 

 disintegration occurs very early. These areas are surrounded 

 by a membrane resulting from a reactive inflammation which 

 manifests itself and out of which a connective tissue capsule 

 develops later on. In other cases, the foci suppurate forming 

 cavities. Besides these nodules, there are often chronic bron- 

 chitis, peribronchitis, parabronchitis, atelectasis, inflammation 

 of the tissue of the lung and less frequently circumscribed or 

 ■exudative pleuritis. 



Infiltrated glanders of the lungs form tumors from the .size 

 of a walnut to that of a child's head, consisting of a diffuse 



*Nocard points out that when glandered horses are treated with mal- 

 lein, a certain proportion of them recover in which case nodules that were 

 present in the lungs cease to contain living bacteria, a fact he has fully 

 proved by inoculation. On post-mortem examination the nodules may 

 be readily felt by passing the hand with firm pressure over the surface 

 of the lung which, when badly diseased, will feel like a bag full of shot 

 or peas. 



