CHAPTER IV. 



DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA— GENUS BACILLUS. 



HOG CHOLERA. 



Synonyms.* Swine fever ; Pneumo-enteritis ; Pig ty- 

 phoid ; Svinpest. 



§131. Characterization. The distinguishing features 

 of this disease are a continuous fever, ulceration of the intes- 

 tines, and more or less discoloration of the skin, especially 

 over the ventral surface. 



§ 132. History. The earliest outbreak in this country of 

 which there is knowledge of a disease supposed to be hog 

 cholera occurred in the state of Ohio in 1833. It is presumed 

 that it was brought from Europe with some of the animals 

 imported from there for breeding purposes. After being intro- 

 duced, it spread at first slowly, but later with increasing 

 rapidity along the lines of commerce, until it invaded every 

 part of this country where swine raising had become an 

 industry. The disease was investigated and very carefully 

 described by Dr. C. Sutton of Aurora, Ind., from 1850. to 

 1858. In 1861, Dr. Edwin M. Snow, of Providence, R. I., 

 contributed an important paper on this disease to the U. S. 

 Department of Agriculture. In 1875, Dr. James Eaw, of 

 Ithaca, N. Y. , furnished to the same Department a paper 



*This disease is known popularly by a large number of names and 

 in some works on swine diseases many of them are employed. The 

 more common of these are, enteric fever, typhus carbuncular fever,^ 

 carbuncular gastro-enteritis, carbuncular typhus, pig distemper, blue 

 sickness, blue disease, purples, red soldier, anthrax fever, scarlatina, 

 measles, diphtheria, and erysipelas. Many of the terms appear to refer 

 to some one or more of the observed symptoms or lesions. 



