272 SURRA 



equally tenable, is that its intermediate host is some insect, such as the 

 fl\' or mosquito."' 



§ 202. Differential diagnosis. Surra is to be differen- 

 tiated from anthrax. A history of the case or outbreak to- 

 gether with the chronic course and intermittent temperature 

 in surra will usually suffice to determine the nature of the dis- 

 ease. If no history or symptoms are known, the diagnosis 

 can be made post-mortem from the bacteriological examination 

 of the tissues or blood as Bad. anthracis is readily found in 

 cases of anthrax. 



§203. Prevention. Lingard has demonstrated quite con- 

 clusively that one attack does not prevent a horse from a sub- 

 sequent one. The experience in the surra infected districts 

 shows that the best way to prevent the occurrence of this dis- 

 ease among horses is ( i) to see that their water supply is pure ; 

 (2) to avoid giving them grass or hay taken from marshy 

 or inundated ground ; and (3) to exclude the excrements of 

 rats from the grain. Lingard found that arsenic has a decided 

 effect in diminishing the number of surra organisms in the 

 blood of affected animals. 



§ 204. Trypanosomiasis. Stiles has introduced this 

 term to describe an infection with parasites belonging to the 

 flagellate family Trypanosomidae . The term is analogous to 

 Taeniasis or Coccidiosis . There are a number of different kinds 

 of trypanosomiasis now recognized and considered by certain 

 writers to be very closely related being caused by species of 

 parasites belonging to the same genus. Among these Stiles 

 has mentioned the following, viz. : 



1. Surra. A disease of equines, camels, elephants and 

 certain other animals in India, attributed to Trypanosoma 

 JEvansi. 



2. Nagana, nygana or Tsetse-fly disease of Africa. 

 Affecting cattle, horses, mules, asses, antelopes, camels and 

 certain other animals. It is attributed to Typanosoma Brucci. 



3. Doiirine or maladie du edit of Algiers, France and 

 Spain. It attacks the horse and the assin particular, but may 

 be transmitted to certain other animals ; it is attributed to 

 Trypanoso7na equiperdum. 



