HISTORY 291 



on this disease, which was raging severely at that time and 

 described the symptoms, anatomical characters and protective 

 measures laid down by the sanitary police. In 1735, the 

 •disease appeared in England and in 1765 in France. From 

 1790 it spread over the whole of Germany, France and Italy. 

 At the commencement of the nineteenth century over all 

 the countries of Western Europe. 



This contagion is said to have been carried to Ireland 

 from Holland in 1S39. The disease was brought to the United 

 States at several different times. Probably its first introduc- 

 tion was in a diseased cow sold in Brooklyn, N. Y. in 1S43. It 

 came to New Jersey by importing affected animals in 1847. 

 Massachusetts was infected in the same way in 1859. 



South Africa was infected by a bull brought from Holland 

 in 1S54 and Australia received the contagion with an English 

 cow in 1858. It is also reported as existing in various parts of 

 the continent of Asia but the time of its first appearance and 

 the extent of its distribution are very uncertain. 



Some countries which had only been infected for a short 

 time, such as Norway, Sweden and Denmark have succeeded 

 in eradicating the disease wdthout much difiiculty by slaught- 

 ering all affected and exposed animals. Other countries long 

 infected and in which the contagion was thoroughly estab- 

 lished, like Australia, South Africa, Italy, France, Belgium 

 and parts of Germany have labored long, in some cases mak- 

 ing no progress and in others being only partially successful. 

 Holland was one of the first of the thoroughly infected coun- 

 tries to free itself from the contagion. 



In the United States, Massachusetts eradicated pleuro- 

 pneumonia during the period from i860 to 1866. New York 

 and New Jersey made an attempt to eradicate it in 1879 but 

 were not successful. Late in 1883 the contagion w^as carried 

 to Ohio, probably by Jersey cattle purchased in the vicinity of 

 Baltimore, Md., to which place it had extended previous to 

 1868. From the herd then infected it was spread by the sale 

 of cattle during 1884 to a limited number of herds in Illinois, 

 to one herd in Missouri and to two herds in Kentucky. By 

 cooperation between the United States Department of Agricul- 



