302 FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE 



tion Rolof, Ziindel, Kitt, M'Fadyean and others, assert that up 

 to the present no positive case of immunity has been proved to 

 have been obtained from inoculation. They also point to the 

 fact that even the advocates for inoculation are unable to give 

 the exact duration of the immunity and consequenth' make 

 several inoculations. The specific nature of the tumor pro- 

 duced by inoculation is disputed, because an exactly similar 

 tumor appears after the inoculation of pus or milk. We must 

 also bear in mind that in those countries in which inoculation 

 has been most practiced, the disease shows no decrease, as for 

 instance in England, where the official report lays particular 

 stress on the doubtful value of obligatory inoculation for pleuro- 

 pneumonia as in France and Belgium where inoculation was 

 obligator3^ The best procedure seems to be stamping out 

 the disease with thorough disinfection or destruction by fire of 

 all infected sheds and barns. The success of this method is 

 illustrated by the eradication of the disease from the United 

 States. 



REFERENCES. 



1. NocARD AND Roux. Le microbe de la peripneumonie. 

 Recueil de Med. Veterinaire. March 24, 1898. p. 213. [Ttans. in The 



Veterinary Journal, London. Vol. XLVII. (1898). p. 147. 



2. Salmon. Annual Reports of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 

 1884-1892. 



3. Smith. Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry. 

 1895-6. p. 143. 



4. WallEy. The four bovine scourges. (1S79). 



FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. 



Synonyms. Eczema epizootica ; epizootic aphtha ; vesi- 

 cula aphtha ; vesicular epizootic ; apthous fever ; murrain. 



§ 226. Characterization. Foot and mouth disease is a 

 highly infectious disease of animals. It is determined by the 

 eruption of vesicles in the mouth, around the coronet of the 

 foot and between the toes. It is said to be more common 

 among cattle but swine are quite susceptible ; sheep, goats, 

 horses, dogs, cats and fowls are sometimes attacked. The 

 human species is also susceptible and may be infected hy 



