362 



NODULAR TAEXIASIS IN FOWLS 



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In the badly 

 affected portion, 

 the nodules give 

 the appearance of 

 closely set pro- 

 tuberances, var}'- 

 ing in size from 

 barely perceptible 

 areas of elevation 

 to bodies 4 mm. 

 in diameter. In Fig. 71. Cross sections of the affeded intestine 



some inst a n c e s ^^^'^^"^S modules, also attached zvorm. 



they appear to overlap one another. When separated by a 

 band of normal tissue, they are round or somewhat lenticular 

 in form. In the latter ca.se, the long diameter is usually 

 transver.se to the long axis of the intestine. The larger 

 nodules are of a pale or dark yellowish color, while the 

 smaller ones vary in shade from the more highly colored 

 areas to the neutral gray of the normal serosa. To the touch 

 they give the sensation that would be expected if the sub- 

 serous and muscular coats were closely studded with small, 

 oval, .solid bodies. The mucosa presents similar elevations. 

 Attached to the mucosa over the nodules are a number of tape- 

 worms. There are also in the more advanced cases small 

 (0.5 to I mm.) areas over the larger nodules from which the 

 mucosa has sloughed leaving small ulcerated depressions. 



The larger nodules contain a greenish-yellow, necrotic 

 substance which appears, in the advanced stages, as a seques- 

 trum with a roughened surface. On section it has a glisten- 

 ing, homogeneous appearance. Surrounding the necrotic sub- 

 stance is a thin layer of infiltrated tissue. The smaller nodules 

 contain a more purulent-like substance and the smallest appear 

 to the naked eye as areas of infiltration. Sections of the affected 

 intestine show upon microscopic examination that the heads 

 of the tapeworms have penetrated the mucous membrane 

 and are situated in different layers of the intestinal wall. 

 They are frequently ob.served between the villi. As would be 

 expected the heads are not readily detected in the masses of 



