1QO CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



parallel with the boundary of the field, place a stake at each of the 

 distance tags on the wire, and these stakes will represent the first 

 row of trees or vines. To find a square corner, begin at the starting 

 point and measure off sixty feet along this row with a tape line, 

 and put a temporary stake, then from the starting-point measure 

 off eighty feet as nearly at a right angle with the first line as can be 

 judged with the eye, and run diagonally from this point the tem- 

 porary sixty-foot stake. If the distance between these stakes is one 

 hundred feet, then the corner is a right angle. Now, having the out- 

 side lines started at right angles to each other, one can proceed with 

 the measuring wire and lay off as large an area as he desires, if 

 care is taken to have each line drawn parallel with the last, and all 

 stakes accurately placed with the tags on the wire providing the 

 land is nearly level or on a uniform grade. In locating trees over 

 uneven ground, the measurements will have to be made from tree 

 to tree, with the tape line held as nearly to a level as possible. 



Rows on Hillsides. Laying off orchard or vineyard on hillside 

 too steep to plow both ways, there is advantage sometimes in plac- 

 ing the rows up and down the hill nearly twice as far apart as the 

 rows along the face of the hill. In planting trees thus the advantage 

 to be gained is by enabling you to keep the team well up the hill ; 

 thereby you are able to plow or cultivate the trees close on the lower 

 side of the rows. There is no difficulty in cultivating the upper side 

 of the rows, for. the plow or harrow is always below the team. If 

 trees are planted as recommended, the team can be guided up the hill 

 a little between the rows, then allowed to drop down hill one step, 

 and thus one can cultivate the trees close on the lower side. The 

 same rule will apply to vines. 



QUINCUNX PLANTING 



There is much confusion in the use of this term in this State. 

 It is, in fact, made to cover almost every kind of arrangement which 

 is not on the square. Webster defines the term to mean "the 

 arrangement of things, especially of trees, by fives in a square, one 

 being placed in the middle of a square." Trees set in quincunx 

 would stand as shown in the accompanying diagram. To locate 

 them in this form it is only necessary to proceed as already described 

 for planting in squares, by fixing upon the base line and locating two 

 side lines to it at right angles. Place the stakes on these two lines 

 just half the distance desired between the trees, and have the meas- 

 uring wire long enough to reach across from one line to the other. 

 Near one end of the wire place another mark just half way between 

 the end and the first tree mark; that is, if the trees are to be 

 twenty-four feet apart in the squares, this additional mark should 

 be twelve feet from the end of the wire. Now set the first row with 

 the end of the wire at the corner stake, and set stakes at each 

 twenty-four foot mark. 



