

LARGE FURROW SYSTUJM 



193 



realization. The changes now taking place tend toward reducing 

 the difference between what are known as the "large-furrow" and 

 the <4 small-furrow" methods, because the improvement lies chiefly 

 in introducing the water more deeply in the soil, as will be shown 

 later, and this is done by using fewer and deeper furrows. 



Irrigating by Large Furrows. Where one to four furrows are 

 used, these are large furrows, while the small-furrow system uses 

 from five to eight or more between two rows of trees. Large fur- 

 rows are made with the double-mpldboard plow, or with a single 

 plow followed by the "crowder," or by plowing out dead furrows 

 between the rows, etc. Their number depends upon the size of 

 the trees and the fitness of the soil for lateral seepage. They are 

 wide enough and deep enough to carry or hold a large stream 

 of water and is a method used chiefly for winter irrigation on land 

 which is so nearly level that the water will flow slowly into the 



t% c? ^* *^f ?^ '> 



SOUTH FUREOW 



NORTH FUKK.OW 



Large furrow. 



Large furrow irrigation of orange trees at Palermo, Butte County, Gal. 



furrows and stand there until it disappears by percolation. It is 

 also used where one of two summer irrigations are all that are 

 required to carry the trees through. It is obviously adapted only 

 to land of slight and uniform grade. Irrigation by a single furrow 

 cut near to the row of trees is a widely prevalent method with 

 young trees. When the trees are larger, or when intercultures 



