338 



CALIFORNIA FRUITS: HOW TO GROW THEM 



been undertaken very little attention has been paid to resistant 

 roots. It is so cheap to proceed with simple cuttings of the variety 

 desired, and the vine comes into bearing so soon, that most 

 planters are willing to take the risk of infection with phylloxera 

 for it may be long delayed and several profitable crops may be 

 realized before its arrival. This is a question which each planter 

 must answer for himself. 



Budding the Grape. Buds can be readily made to grow in 

 grape canes, though budding is not largely used. Success can 

 be had with the same method of budding that is common with 

 fruit trees as described in Chapter IX. Insert the bud (which is 

 taken from a cane of the previous season's growth) in the spring 

 as soon as the bark will slip well on the stock, and before the 

 run of the sap is too strong. Keep the cuttings in a cool place 

 so their growth will be retarded, and then seize upon just the 

 right condition of the stock, insert the bud under the bark of a 

 cane of the previous season's growth, tie it around with a string, 

 and the bud starts readily without further treatment. When its 

 growth shows its ability to take the sap, the top of the stock is 

 removed. 



Herbaceous budding is also practicable. It consists of taking 

 buds from the current season's growth and working them upon 

 canes also of current growth by the usual shield budding process. 

 Mr. Thomas Casalegna of San Martin succeeds well with this 

 under these conditions: All buds put in from. July 15 to August 

 15 start the same year, but may be injured by fall frosts. Those 

 put in from August 15 to September 15 remain dormant until the 

 following year, unless the stock is exceptionally vigorous. Bud- 

 ding is most successful in the month of August. The buds should 

 be taken from canes which have reached the stage of maturity 

 indicated by the pith turning white and just before the bark turns 

 yellow. 



Grafting the Vine. Grafting in old vine roots is a simple opera- 

 tion, and is performed in various ways. The principles involved 

 in vine grafting are similar to those affecting tree grafting, as 

 described in Chapter IX. The processes employed are also sim- 

 ilar, but the graft requires less binding and covering, because it 

 is usually made beneath the surface of the ground, and is, there- 

 fore, less subject to accident, exposure, and drying out. 



Grafting in the old Stump. This is resorted to when the char- 

 acter of the vineyard is to be changed. Out of the many ways 

 for working into old stumps, one introduces the scion by a side 

 cut into- the stock without splitting across as shown at C C in the 

 engraving on page 341. The earth is removed from the old vine 

 down to its first lateral roots, and the top is sawed off cleanly 



